Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulolytic Systems in Insects
Hirofumi Watanabe,Gaku Tokuda +1 more
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TLDR
DNA sequences of cellulase and associated genes, as well as physiological and morphological information about the digestive systems of cellulases-producing insects, may allow the efficient use of cellulosic biomass as a sustainable energy source.Abstract:
Despite the presence of many carbohydrolytic activities in insects, their cellulolytic mechanisms are poorly understood. Whereas cellulase genes are absent from the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster or Bombyx mori, other insects such as termites produce their own cellulases. Recent studies using molecular biological techniques have brought new insights into the mechanisms by which the insects and their microbial symbionts digest cellulose in the small intestine. DNA sequences of cellulase and associated genes, as well as physiological and morphological information about the digestive systems of cellulase-producing insects, may allow the efficient use of cellulosic biomass as a sustainable energy source.read more
Citations
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The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function.
Philipp Engel,Nancy A. Moran +1 more
TL;DR: Gut bacteria of other insects have also been shown to contribute to nutrition, protection from parasites and pathogens, modulation of immune responses, and communication, and the extent of these roles is still unclear and awaits further studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts
TL;DR: The high efficiency of their minute intestinal bioreactors makes termites promising models for the industrial conversion of lignocellulose into microbial products and the production of biofuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass
TL;DR: This review highlights literature on the impact of key substrate and enzyme features that influence performance to better understand fundamental strategies to advance enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass for biological conversion to fuels and chemicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of microbial symbionts on host plant utilization by herbivorous insects
Allison K. Hansen,Nancy A. Moran +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the potential functions of microbial symbionts in facilitating or restricting the use of host plants are constrained by their location (intracellular, gut or environmental), and by the fidelity of their associations with insect host lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
TL;DR: Every natural animal and plant is a holobiont consisting of the host and diverse symbiotic microbes and viruses, and a large number of studies have demonstrated that these symbionts contribute to the anatomy, physiology, development, innate and adaptive immunity, and behavior and finally also to genetic variation and to the origin and evolution of species.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Efficient Hydrolysis and Biofuel Production
TL;DR: A review of various pretreatment process methods and the recent literature that has been developed can be found in this paper, where the goal of pretreatment is to make the cellulose accessible to hydrolysis for conversion to fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities.
TL;DR: With the steady increase in sequence and structural data, it is suggested that the enzyme classification system should perhaps be revised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal and molecular structure of cellulose Iβ were determined using synchrotron and neutron diffraction data recorded from oriented fibrous samples prepared by aligning cellulose microcrystals from tunicin.
Journal ArticleDOI
New families in the classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities.
TL;DR: On the basis of a comparison of 482 sequences corresponding to 52 EC entries, 45 families, out of which 22 are polyspecific, can now be defined and has been implemented in the SWISS-PROT protein sequence data bank.
Book Chapter
The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Iain Colin Prentice,Graham D. Farquhar,Mjr Fasham,Michael L. Goulden,Martin Heimann,VJ Jaramillo,Haroon S. Kheshgi,C. Le Quéré,Robert J. Scholes,D. W. R. Wallace +9 more
TL;DR: Contributing Authors D.R.A. Archer, M.M.P. Keeling, D.D.F. Weirig, T. Whorf, A.C. Sitch, R.J. Rayner, S.Q. Tans, H. Yool.
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