Journal ArticleDOI
Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping of long-range callosal projections
Leopoldo Petreanu,Daniel Huber,Daniel Huber,Aleksander Sobczyk,Aleksander Sobczyk,Karel Svoboda,Karel Svoboda +6 more
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TLDR
It is shown that the light-gated channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is delivered to axons in pyramidal neurons in vivo, and laminar specificity may be identical for local and long-range cortical projections.Abstract:
The functions of cortical areas depend on their inputs and outputs, but the detailed circuits made by long-range projections are unknown. We show that the light-gated channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is delivered to axons in pyramidal neurons in vivo. In brain slices from ChR2-expressing mice, photostimulation of ChR2-positive axons can be transduced reliably into single action potentials. Combining photostimulation with whole-cell recordings of synaptic currents makes it possible to map circuits between presynaptic neurons, defined by ChR2 expression, and postsynaptic neurons, defined by targeted patching. We applied this technique, ChR2-assisted circuit mapping (CRACM), to map long-range callosal projections from layer (L) 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex. L2/3 axons connect with neurons in L5, L2/3 and L6, but not L4, in both ipsilateral and contralateral cortex. In both hemispheres the L2/3-to-L5 projection is stronger than the L2/3-to-L2/3 projection. Our results suggest that laminar specificity may be identical for local and long-range cortical projections.read more
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Imaging neural activity in worms, flies and mice with improved GCaMP calcium indicators
Lin Tian,S. Andrew Hires,Tianyi Mao,Daniel Huber,M. Eugenia Chiappe,Sreekanth H. Chalasani,Leopoldo Petreanu,Jasper Akerboom,Sean A McKinney,Sean A McKinney,Eric R. Schreiter,Cornelia I. Bargmann,Vivek Jayaraman,Karel Svoboda,Loren L. Looger +14 more
TL;DR: A single-wavelength GCaMP2-based GECI (GCaMP3) is developed, with increased baseline fluorescence, increased dynamic range and higher affinity for calcium, and long-term imaging in the motor cortex of behaving mice revealed large fluorescence changes in imaged neurons over months.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optogenetics in neural systems.
TL;DR: A primer on the application of optogenetics in neuroscience is provided, focusing on the single-component tools and highlighting important problems, challenges, and technical considerations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Development and Application of Optogenetics
TL;DR: The development of currently available single-component optogenetic tools is outlined and the application of various optogenetics tools in diverse model organisms is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural substrates of awakening probed with optogenetic control of hypocretin neurons
TL;DR: It is found that direct, selective, optogenetic photostimulation of Hcrt neurons increased the probability of transition to wakefulness from either slow wave sleep or rapid eye movement sleep.
Journal ArticleDOI
A toolbox of Cre-dependent optogenetic transgenic mice for light-induced activation and silencing
Linda Madisen,Tianyi Mao,Tianyi Mao,Henner Koch,Jia-Min Zhuo,Antal Berényi,Shigeyoshi Fujisawa,Yun Wei A Hsu,Alfredo J. Garcia,Xuan Gu,Sebastien Zanella,Jolene Kidney,Hong Gu,Yimei Mao,Bryan M. Hooks,Edward S. Boyden,György Buzsáki,Jan-Marino Ramirez,Allan R. Jones,Karel Svoboda,Xue Han,Eric E. Turner,Hongkui Zeng +22 more
TL;DR: The robust, consistent and inducible nature of the ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to the authors' knowledge the first demonstration of successful conditional transgenic optogenetic silencing.
References
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Nathan C. Shaner,Robert E. Campbell,Robert E. Campbell,Paul Steinbach,Ben N G Giepmans,Amy E. Palmer,Roger Y. Tsien +6 more
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Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors adapted the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Lawrence C. Katz,Carla J. Shatz +1 more
TL;DR: The sequential combination of spontaneously generated and experience-dependent neural activity endows the brain with an ongoing ability to accommodate to dynamically changing inputs during development and throughout life.
Journal ArticleDOI
A variant of yellow fluorescent protein with fast and efficient maturation for cell-biological applications
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Journal ArticleDOI
Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel.
Georg Nagel,Tanjef Szellas,Wolfram Huhn,Suneel Kateriya,Nona Adeishvili,Peter Berthold,Doris Ollig,Peter Hegemann,Ernst Bamberg +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated by functional expression, both in oocytes of Xenopus laevis and mammalian cells, that ChR2 is a directly light-switched cation-selective ion channel, and may be used to depolarize small or large cells, simply by illumination.