Characterization, Modes of Synthesis, and Pleiotropic Effects of Hypocholesterolemic Compounds – A Review
TLDR
Major natural sources as well as synthetic and biological routes of synthesis of these compounds are reviewed in a concise manner and various HMG-CoA analogues including statins have been reviewed specifically.Abstract:
Studies on the various cholesterol-lowering agents is one of the important areas in clinical research. Identifica- tion and characterization of potential molecules from various sources have been carried out in the past and their relation- ship with the enzymes which are involved in the cholesterol cascade is gaining interest. In this review, we have high- lighted various inhibitors involved in the cholesterol cascade as well as cholesterol-lowering agents, viz., tocotrienol, flavonoids, phytosterols, phytostanols, statins, DADS, and synthetic compounds. The mechanism of action and characteri- zation of these hypocholesterolemic compounds are discussed in this communication. Major natural sources as well as synthetic and biological routes of synthesis of these compounds are reviewed in a concise manner. Especially, various HMG-CoA analogues including statins have been reviewed specifically. In this respect, researchers have identified 2,3- oxidosqualene cyclase-lanosterol synthase (lanosterol syn- thase, oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase, lanosterol synthase, 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase, human lanosterol syn- thase (EC 5.4.99.7)) having a molecular weight of 83 kDa, catalyzing the highly selective cyclization reaction from the substrate 2,3-oxidosqualene (squalene 2,3-epoxide, squalene 2,3-oxide, (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide, 2,3-epoxisqualene, oxidosqualene) into lanosterol, as an appropriate step for the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis (3). Oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors (OSCI) arrest the downstream of 2,3- oxidosqualene which helps to stimulate epoxysterols toread more
Citations
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Phenolics from grapefruit peels inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and angiotensin-I converting enzyme and show antioxidative properties in endothelial EA.Hy 926 cells
Ayokunle O. Ademosun,Ayokunle O. Ademosun,Ganiyu Oboh,Sabina Passamonti,Federica Tramer,Lovro Ziberna,Aline Augusti Boligon,Margareth Linde Athayde +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the possible mechanisms for the use of phenolic extracts from grapefruit peels in the management/prevention of cardiovascular complications and found that the phenolic contents of the extracts were investigated using HPLC-DAD.
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From folk medicine to functional food: a review on the bioactive components and pharmacological properties of citrus peels
TL;DR: The phenolic compounds and volatile compounds which have been linked with the biological activities of the peels have been characterized and the bioactive compounds of citrus peels and the mechanisms for the biological Activities are looked at.
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Modulation of HMG-CoA reductase and glutathione-linked enzymes and protection against pro-oxidant induced oxidative damage in colon (Caco-2) cells and rat colon homogenates by phenolic extracts from Shaddock (Citrus maxima) peels
Ayokunle O. Ademosun,Ayokunle O. Ademosun,Ganiyu Oboh,Sabina Passamonti,Federica Tramer,Lovro Ziberna,Aline Augusti Boligon +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors characterized the soluble free and bound phenolic compounds from shaddock peels and investigated their effect on 3-hydroxy-methyl-3-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) and glutathione-linked enzymes in colon (Caco-2) cells.
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Quantification of Lovastatin Produced by Monascus purpureus
TL;DR: The estimation of Lovastatin produced by Monascus purpureus and pure lovastatin was attempted by UV-visible spectrophotometer as well as HPLC, and HPLC analysis consistently gave reliable results for the estimation of lovastsatin under all the experimental conditions studied.
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Metabolic pathway analysis and dynamic macroscopic model development for lovastatin production by Monascus purpureus using metabolic footprinting concept
A. Seenivasan,J. Satya Eswari,P Sankar,Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi,Tapobrata Panda,Venkateswarlu Ch. +5 more
TL;DR: Predicted specific substrate utilization and product excretion rates have been correlated well with the experimental observations, which validate the proposed metabolic pathway developed from metabolic footprinting data.
References
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