Cholesterol is found to reside in the center of a polyunsaturated lipid membrane.
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Harroun et al. as discussed by the authors reported neutron diffraction studies on the depth of cholesterol in phosphatidylcholine bilayers with varying amounts of acyl chain unsaturation.Abstract:
Previously, we reported neutron diffraction studies on the depth of cholesterol in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers with varying amounts of acyl chain unsaturation [Harroun, T. A., et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 1227−1233]. The center of mass of the 2,2,3,4,4,6-D6 deuterated sites on the sterol label was found to reside 16 A from the middle of the bilayer in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (16:0-18:1PC), 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (18:1-18:1PC), and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine (18:0-20:4PC). This location places cholesterol’s hydroxyl group close to the membrane surface, indicative of the molecule in its commonly understood “upright” orientation. However, for dipolyunsaturated 20:4-20:4PC membranes the label, thus the hydroxyl group, was found sequestered in the center of the bilayer. We attributed the change in location to the high level of disorder of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that is incompatible with proximity to the rigid steroid moiety in its usual upright orie...read more
Citations
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CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder for Mixed Bilayers and Its Application to Yeast Membranes
TL;DR: The CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder was expanded to automate the building process of heterogeneous lipid bilayers, with or without a protein and with support for up to 32 different lipid types, to test the efficacy of these new features.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid-cholesterol interactions : Domain formation in membranes
TL;DR: This review will summarize how the high disorder of DHA affects the properties of the membrane phospholipids into which the PUFA incorporates, focusing upon the profound impact on the interaction with cholesterol.
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Update of the cholesterol force field parameters in CHARMM.
TL;DR: The new parameters in the C36c modification should enable more accurate simulations of lipid bilayers with cholesterol, especially for those interested in the free energy of lipid flip/flop or transfer of phospholipids and/or cholesterol.
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Applications of neutron and X-ray scattering to the study of biologically relevant model membranes.
Georg Pabst,Norbert Kučerka,Norbert Kučerka,Mu-Ping Nieh,Maikel C. Rheinstädter,Maikel C. Rheinstädter,John Katsaras,John Katsaras,John Katsaras +8 more
TL;DR: Some of the latest model membrane results are reported, and the neutron and X-ray techniques that were used to obtain them are reported.
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How polyunsaturated fatty acids modify molecular organization in membranes: insight from NMR studies of model systems.
TL;DR: Overall, the notion that NMR experiments on model membranes suggest a complex model by which n-3 PUFA reorganize lipid microdomains in vivo is highlighted.
References
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Functional rafts in cell membranes
Kai Simons,Elina Ikonen +1 more
TL;DR: A new aspect of cell membrane structure is presented, based on the dynamic clustering of sphingolipids and cholesterol to form rafts that move within the fluid bilayer that function as platforms for the attachment of proteins when membranes are moved around inside the cell and during signal transduction.
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Deborah A. Brown,Erwin London +1 more
TL;DR: This work will review the evidence that rafts exist in cells and focus on their structure, or the organization of raft lipids and proteins, and the role of rafts in signaling in hematopoietic cells.
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Rafts defined: a report on the Keystone symposium on lipid rafts and cell function
TL;DR: A consensus definition of a membrane raft is emerged that helps to clarify current thinking in a field that has been plagued by the heterogeneous and sometimes ephemeral nature of its subject.
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Docosahexaenoic acid: membrane properties of a unique fatty acid.
TL;DR: DHA's interaction with other membrane lipids, particularly cholesterol, may play a prominent role in modulating the local structure and function of cell membranes.
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