Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: questions and answers
Philip E. Pellett,Dharam V. Ablashi,Peter F. Ambros,Henri Agut,Mary T. Caserta,Vincent Descamps,Louis Flamand,Agnès Gautheret-Dejean,Caroline B. Hall,Rammurti T. Kamble,Uwe Kuehl,Dirk Lassner,Irmeli Lautenschlager,Kristin S. Loomis,Mario Luppi,Paolo Lusso,Peter G. Medveczky,Jose G. Montoya,Yasuko Mori,Masao Ogata,Joshua C. Pritchett,Sylvie Rogez,Edward Seto,Katherine N. Ward,Tetsushi Yoshikawa,Raymund R. Razonable +25 more
TLDR
Little is known about whether individuals with ciHHV‐6 develop immune tolerance for viral proteins and whether they are put at clinical risk by the use of drugs that have been associated with HHV‐ 6 reactivation in vivo or in vitro.Abstract:
Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (ciHHV-6) is a condition in which the complete HHV-6 genome is integrated into the host germ line genome and is vertically transmitted in a Mendelian manner. The condition is found in less than 1% of controls in the USA and UK, but has been found at a somewhat higher prevalence in transplant recipients and other patient populations in several small studies. HHV-6 levels in whole blood that exceed 5.5 log10 copies/ml are strongly suggestive of ciHHV-6. Monitoring DNA load in plasma and serum is unreliable, both for identifying and for monitoring subjects with ciHHV-6 due to cell lysis and release of cellular DNA. High HHV-6 DNA loads associated with ciHHV-6 can lead to erroneous diagnosis of active infection. Transplant recipients with ciHHV-6 may be at increased risk for bacterial infection and graft rejection. ciHHV-6 can be induced to a state of active viral replication in vitro. It is not known whether ciHHV-6 individuals are put at clinical risk by the use of drugs that have been associated with HHV-6 reactivation in vivo or in vitro. Nonetheless, we urge careful observation when use of such drugs is indicated in individuals known to have ciHHV-6. Little is known about whether individuals with ciHHV-6 develop immune tolerance for viral proteins. Further research is needed to determine the role of ciHHV-6 in disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections
TL;DR: The formal demonstration of the causative role of HHV-6 in many acute and chronic human diseases is difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of the virus, chronicity of infection, existence of two distinct species, and limitations of current investigational tools.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cord-Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Confers an Increased Risk for Human Herpesvirus-6-Associated Acute Limbic Encephalitis: A Cohort Analysis
Joshua A. Hill,Sophia Koo,Belisa B. Guzman Suarez,Vincent T. Ho,Corey Cutler,John Koreth,Philippe Armand,Edwin P. Alyea,Lindsey R. Baden,Joseph H. Antin,Robert J. Soiffer,Francisco M. Marty +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 1344 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT between 2003 and 2010 to identify risk factors and characteristics of acute limbic encephalitis (HHV-6-PALE) after unrelated cord-blood transplantation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular and Virological Evidence of Viral Activation From Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6A in a Patient With X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Akifumi Endo,Ken Watanabe,Tamae Ohye,Kyoko Suzuki,Tomoyo Matsubara,Norio Shimizu,Hiroki Kurahashi,Tetsushi Yoshikawa,Harutaka Katano,Naoki Inoue,Kohsuke Imai,Masatoshi Takagi,Tomohiro Morio,Shuki Mizutani +13 more
TL;DR: Molecular and virological evidence of ciHHV-6A activation in a patient with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency is presented and these findings have significant implications for the management of patients with ciHIV-6.
Journal ArticleDOI
Update on Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy: Reemergence of Endomyocardial Biopsy
TL;DR: This document provides a state-of-the-art review of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with special focus on the role of endomyocardial biopsy to establish specific treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
HHV-6 encephalitis in umbilical cord blood transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Michael E. Scheurer,Joshua C. Pritchett,E. S. Amirian,N R Zemke,Paolo Lusso,Per Ljungman,Per Ljungman +6 more
TL;DR: HHV-6 reactivation and encephalitis are significant complications in the post-HSCT setting, particularly in patients receiving CB as the stem cell source, and patients undergoing umbilical CB transplantation should be closely monitored for HHV- 6 reactivation.
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