Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Akiko Iwasaki,Ruslan Medzhitov +1 more
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TLDR
These emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity are discussed, which are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set ofinflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses.Abstract:
Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.read more
Citations
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Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19.
Carolina Lucas,Patrick Wong,Jon Klein,Tiago B. R. Castro,Julio Silva,Maria E. Sundaram,Mallory K. Ellingson,Tianyang Mao,Ji Eun Oh,Benjamin Israelow,Takehiro Takahashi,Maria Tokuyama,Peiwen Lu,Arvind Venkataraman,Annsea Park,Subhasis Mohanty,Haowei Wang,Anne L. Wyllie,Chantal B.F. Vogels,Rebecca Earnest,Sarah Lapidus,Isabel M. Ott,Adam J. Moore,M. Catherine Muenker,John Fournier,Melissa Campbell,Camila D. Odio,Arnau Casanovas-Massana,Roy S. Herbst,Albert C. Shaw,Ruslan Medzhitov,Ruslan Medzhitov,Wade L. Schulz,Nathan D. Grubaugh,Charles S. Dela Cruz,Shelli F. Farhadian,Albert I. Ko,Saad B. Omer,Akiko Iwasaki,Akiko Iwasaki +39 more
TL;DR: A longitudinal analysis of immune responses in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 identifies a maladapted immune response profile linked to severe disease, as well as early immune signatures that correlate with divergent disease trajectories.
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TL;DR: The induction of a hormonal constellation that supports immune functions is one likely mechanism underlying the immune-supporting effects of sleep, and sleep appears to promote inflammatory homeostasis through effects on several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines.
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Immunity, inflammation, and cancer: an eternal fight between good and evil
Shabnam Shalapour,Michael Karin +1 more
TL;DR: This antagonism between inflammation and immunity also affects the outcome of cancer treatment and needs to be considered when designing new therapeutic approaches.
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Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death
Lorenzo Galluzzi,Ilio Vitale,Sarah Warren,Sandy Adjemian,Patrizia Agostinis,Aitziber Burque Martinez,Timothy A. Chan,George Coukos,Sandra Demaria,Eric Deutsch,Dobrin Draganov,Richard L. Edelson,Silvia C. Formenti,Jitka Fucikova,Lucia Gabriele,Udo S. Gaipl,Sofia R. Gameiro,Abhishek D. Garg,Encouse B. Golden,Jian Han,Kevin J. Harrington,Kevin J. Harrington,Akseli Hemminki,James W. Hodge,Dewan Md Sakib Hossain,Timothy M Illidge,Michael Karin,Howard L. Kaufman,Oliver Kepp,Guido Kroemer,Juan José Lasarte,Sherene Loi,Michael T. Lotze,Gwenola Manic,Taha Merghoub,Taha Merghoub,Alan Melcher,Karen L. Mossman,Felipe Prosper,Øystein Rekdal,Maria Rescigno,Chiara Riganti,Antonella Sistigu,Mark J. Smyth,Radek Spisek,John Stagg,Bryan E. Strauss,Daolin Tang,Kazuki Tatsuno,Stefaan Van Gool,Peter Vandenabeele,Takahiro Yamazaki,Dmitriy Zamarin,Dmitriy Zamarin,Laurence Zitvogel,Alessandra Cesano,Francesco M. Marincola +56 more
TL;DR: An updated operational definition of immunogenic cell death is provided, the key factors that dictate the ability of dying cells to drive an adaptive immune response are discussed, and experimental assays that are currently available for the assessment of ICD in vitro and in vivo are summarized.
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