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Crop evapotranspiration : guidelines for computing crop water requirements

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TLDR
In this paper, an updated procedure for calculating reference and crop evapotranspiration from meteorological data and crop coefficients is presented, based on the FAO Penman-Monteith method.
Abstract
(First edition: 1998, this reprint: 2004). This publication presents an updated procedure for calculating reference and crop evapotranspiration from meteorological data and crop coefficients. The procedure, first presented in FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, Crop water requirements, in 1977, allows estimation of the amount of water used by a crop, taking into account the effect of the climate and the crop characteristics. The publication incorporates advances in research and more accurate procedures for determining crop water use as recommended by a panel of high-level experts organised by FAO in May 1990. The first part of the guidelines includes procedures for determining reference crop evapotranspiration according to the FAO Penman-Monteith method. These are followed by updated procedures for estimating the evapotranspiration of different crops for different growth stages and ecological conditions.

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Remote Sensing for Crop Management

TL;DR: With the development and use of various remote sensing methods for non-destructive monitor- ing of plant growth and development and for the detection of many environmental stresses which limit plant productivity, a great deal of fundamental information relating spectral reflectance and thermal emittance properties of soils and crops to their agronomic and biophysical characteristics has been provided as mentioned in this paper.
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Globalisation of water resources: Global virtual water flows in relation to international crop trade

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the volumes of virtual water flows between nations in the period 1995-1999 insofar related to international crop trade and to analyse national virtual water balances in relation to national water needs and water availability.
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Remote sensing of drought: Progress, challenges and opportunities

TL;DR: A review of current and emerging drought monitoring approaches using satellite remote sensing observations from climatological and ecosystem perspectives is presented in this paper, where the authors argue that satellite observations not currently used for operational drought monitoring, such as near-surface air relative humidity data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder mission, provide opportunities to improve early drought warning.
Journal ArticleDOI

Global modeling of withdrawal, allocation and consumptive use of surface water and groundwater resources

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors couple a global water demand model with a global hydrological model and dynamically simulate daily water withdrawal and consumptive water use over the period 1979-2010, using two re-analysis products: ERA-Interim and MERRA.
Journal ArticleDOI

FAO-56 Dual Crop Coefficient Method for Estimating Evaporation from Soil and Application Extensions

TL;DR: The dual crop coefficient sKcd method of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO-56) is intended to improve daily simulation of crop evapotranspiration by considering separately the contribution of evaporation from soil.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass

TL;DR: It is shown that a satisfactory account can be given of open water evaporation at four widely spaced sites in America and Europe, the results for bare soil receive a reasonable check in India, and application of theresults for turf shows good agreement with estimates of evapolation from catchment areas in the British Isles.
Journal ArticleDOI

On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters

TL;DR: In this article, the large-scale parameterization of the surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat is properly expressed in terms of energetic considerations over land while formulas of the bulk aerodynamic type are most suitahle over the sea.
Book

Water quality for agriculture

R. S. Ayers, +1 more
TL;DR: Water quality for agriculture, water quality in agriculture for agriculture as mentioned in this paper, water quality of agriculture, Water quality of water for agriculture in agriculture, مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اسلاز رسانی
Journal ArticleDOI

The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field

TL;DR: In this paper, the stomatal conductance of illuminated leaves is a function of current levels of temperature, vapour pressure deficit, leaf water potential (really turgor pressure) and ambient CO $_2$ concentration and when plotted against any one of these variables a scatter diagram results.
Book ChapterDOI

Yield response to water

TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology to quantify yield response to water through aggregate components which form the "handles" to assess crop yields under both adequate and limited water supply is presented, which takes into account maximum and actual crop yields as influenced by water deficits using yield response functions relating relative yield decrease and evapotranspiration deficits.
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