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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Current Knowledge on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) from Animal Biology to Humans, from Pregnancy to Adulthood: Highlights from a National Italian Meeting

TLDR
This manuscript reviews the reports of a multidisciplinary national meeting on endocrine disrupting chemicals and suggests effects of EDCs on prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism and obesity, puberty, fertility, and on carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms.
Abstract
Wildlife has often presented and suggested the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Animal studies have given us an important opportunity to understand the mechanisms of action of many chemicals on the endocrine system and on neurodevelopment and behaviour, and to evaluate the effects of doses, time and duration of exposure. Although results are sometimes conflicting because of confounding factors, epidemiological studies in humans suggest effects of EDCs on prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism and obesity, puberty, fertility, and on carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. This manuscript reviews the reports of a multidisciplinary national meeting on this topic.

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The economic burden of childhood autism spectrum disorders

TL;DR: The economic burden associated with ASD is substantial and can be measured across multiple sectors of the authors' society, particularly for school systems.
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Recent developments in physical, biological, chemical, and hybrid treatment techniques for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater.

TL;DR: The state-of-art technologies used to remove ECs from wastewater through a comprehensive review are presented and a hybrid technique of ozonation accompanied by activated carbon was found significantly effective in removing some ECs, particularly pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands.

TL;DR: This manuscript aims to review the state of art of scientific literature regarding the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on endocrine system.
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Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure: Role in Non-Communicable Diseases.

TL;DR: Present data on the environmental EDCs advocate that there may be associations between human exposure to EDCs and several undesirable health outcomes that warrants further human bio-monitoring of EDCs.
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Human Fetal Growth.

TL;DR: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can be associated with fetal growth retardation, thyroid dysfunction, and neurological disorders, and international scientific societies recommend the implementation of research and of all possible preventive measures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The hallmarks of cancer.

TL;DR: This work has been supported by the Department of the Army and the National Institutes of Health, and the author acknowledges the support and encouragement of the National Cancer Institute.
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Mutation and Cancer: Statistical Study of Retinoblastoma

TL;DR: The hypothesis is developed that retinoblastoma is a cancer caused by two mutational events, in the dominantly inherited form, one mutation is inherited via the germinal cells and the second occurs in somatic cells.
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

TL;DR: The evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology is presented.
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Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPAR gamma 2, a lipid-activated transcription factor.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the physiologic role of PPAR gamma 2 is to regulate development of the adipose lineage in response to endogenous lipid activators and that this factor may serve to link the process of adipocyte differentiation to systemic lipid metabolism.
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Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans.

TL;DR: Mechanisms underlying the disruption of the development of vital systems, such as the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems, are discussed with reference to wildlife, laboratory animals, and humans.
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