Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase Systems in Aquatic Species: Carcinogen Metabolism and Biomarkers for Carcinogen and Pollutant Exposure
John J. Stegeman,John J. Lech +1 more
TLDR
High levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carcinogens commonly occur in aquatic systems where neoplasms arise in fish and other animals andenzymes that transform PAHs can act in initiatin formation.Abstract:
High levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carcinogens commonly occur in aquatic systems where neoplasms arise in fish and other animals. Enzymes that transform PAHs can act in initiatin...read more
Citations
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Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review
TL;DR: There is little doubt that measurements of bioaccumulation and biomarker responses in fish from contaminated sites offer great promises for providing information that can contribute to environmental monitoring programs designed for various aspects of ERA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do nanoparticles present ecotoxicological risks for the health of the aquatic environment
TL;DR: A precautionary approach is required with individual evaluation of new nanomaterials for risk to the health of the environment and current toxicity testing protocols should be generally applicable to identify harmful effects associated with nanoparticles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure.
TL;DR: This review compiles and evaluates existing scientific information on the use, limitations, and procedural considerations for EROD activity (a catalytic measurement of cytochrome P4501A induction) as a biomarker in fish.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fish micronuclei for assessing genotoxicity in water
Kabil Al-Sabti,Chris D. Metcalfe +1 more
TL;DR: The literature on the clastogenic effects of chemical and physical agents on fish cells, with emphasis on the induction of micronuclei in teleosts is reviewed, directing laboratories in the development of fish genotoxicity assays for water quality monitoring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative pathways of chemical toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers in marine organisms
TL;DR: Caution should be taken in monitoring studies where mRNA levels of antioxidants could represent a snapshot of cell activity at a given time, not an effective endpoint of environmental pollutants, and conflicting results between molecular and biochemical responses are quite frequent.
References
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Benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolism, activation and carcinogenesis: role and regulation of mixed-function oxidases and related enzymes.
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The P450 gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature.
Daniel W. Nebert,Milton Adesnik,Minor J. Coon,Ronald W. Estabrook,Frank J. Gonzalez,F P Guengerich,Irwin C. Gunsalus,Eric F. Johnson,Byron Kemper,Wayne Levin +9 more
TL;DR: A nomenclature for the P450 gene superfamily is proposed based on evolution, and recommendations include Roman numerals for distinct gene families, capital letters for subfamilies, and Arabic numeral for individual genes.
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Chemical structure, Salmonella mutagenicity and extent of carcinogenicity as indicators of genotoxic carcinogenesis among 222 chemicals tested in rodents by the U.S. NCI/NTP.
John Ashby,Raymond W. Tennant +1 more
TL;DR: The Salmonella assay is found to be a sensitive method of detecting intrinsic genotoxicity in a chemical, and is consistent with tumors being induced in this tissue (and to a lesser extent in other tissues of the mouse and rat) by mechanisms not dependent upon direct interaction of the test chemical with DNA.
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Complementary DNA and protein sequences of ethanol-inducible rat and human cytochrome P-450s. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the rat enzyme.
TL;DR: In contrast to transcriptional activation during development, induction of P450j by various agents such as pyrazole, 4-methylpyrazoles, and acetone might be due to post-transcriptional events.
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