Debunking the Myth of Exercise-induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan.
John Campbell,James E. Turner +1 more
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TLDR
Evidence that frequent exercise enhances—rather than suppresses—immune competency is provided, and key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise are highlighted.Abstract:
Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including communicable diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite the apparent health benefits achieved by leading an active lifestyle, which imply that regular physical activity and frequent exercise enhance immune competency and regulation, the effect of a single bout of exercise on immune function remains a controversial topic. Indeed, to this day, it is perceived by many that vigorous exercise can temporarily suppress immune function. In the first part of this review, we deconstruct the key pillars which lay the foundation to this theory – referred to as the ‘open window’ hypothesis – and highlight that: (i) limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections; (ii) purported changes to mucosal immunity, namely salivary IgA levels, after exercise do not signpost a period of immune suppression; and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 hours after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances – rather than suppresses – immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay ageing of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. In summary, the over-arching aim of this review is to rebalance opinion over the perceived relationships between exercise and immune function. We emphasise that it is a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive, and, instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan.read more
Citations
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Impact of exercise on the immune system and outcomes in hematologic malignancies.
TL;DR: A literature search was performed and identified 7 studies examining exercise and the immune environment in hematologic malignancies and healthy adults and found 7 studies that could significantly improve immune function and tumor microenvironment.
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Targeting Age-Dependent Functional and Metabolic Decline of Human Skeletal Muscle: The Geroprotective Role of Exercise, Myokine IL-6, and Vitamin D.
TL;DR: Exercise and vitamin D are addressed as optimal geroprotective strategies in view of their multi-target effects and muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-6 is discussed as a nutrient-level biosensor.
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A novel role of probiotics in improving host defence of elite rugby union athlete: A double blind randomised controlled trial.
TL;DR: The probiotic protocol used in this study was associated with an increase in salivary alpha-amylase supporting its possible role as a host defence peptide.
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Lifestyle exercise attenuates immunosenescence; flow cytometry analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naive T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.
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Physical fitness modulates the expression of CD39 and CD73 on CD4 + CD25 - and CD4 + CD25 + T cells following high intensity interval exercise
TL;DR: The objective was to investigate the impact of physical fitness on the mobilization of CD4+CD25 −CD39 + and CD4 +CD25 + CD39 + T cells in response to acute exercise.
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