Debunking the Myth of Exercise-induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan.
John Campbell,James E. Turner +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Evidence that frequent exercise enhances—rather than suppresses—immune competency is provided, and key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise are highlighted.Abstract:
Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including communicable diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite the apparent health benefits achieved by leading an active lifestyle, which imply that regular physical activity and frequent exercise enhance immune competency and regulation, the effect of a single bout of exercise on immune function remains a controversial topic. Indeed, to this day, it is perceived by many that vigorous exercise can temporarily suppress immune function. In the first part of this review, we deconstruct the key pillars which lay the foundation to this theory – referred to as the ‘open window’ hypothesis – and highlight that: (i) limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections; (ii) purported changes to mucosal immunity, namely salivary IgA levels, after exercise do not signpost a period of immune suppression; and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 hours after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances – rather than suppresses – immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay ageing of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. In summary, the over-arching aim of this review is to rebalance opinion over the perceived relationships between exercise and immune function. We emphasise that it is a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive, and, instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Partial body cryotherapy exposure drives acute redistribution of circulating lymphocytes: preliminary findings
Catriona Rose,Helen M. McGuire,Kenneth S. Graham,Jason C. Siegler,Barbara Fazekas de St Groth,Corinne Caillaud,Kate M. Edwards +6 more
TL;DR: Partial body cryotherapy (PBC) is proposed to alleviate symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) by reducing associated inflammation as mentioned in this paper , but no studies have assessed acute PBC exposure on peripheral blood mononuclear cell mobilisation or compared these with cold water immersion (CWI), which may inform how PBC impacts inflammatory processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunologic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Muscle Damage Profile of Supplemented Vitamin D3 in Healthy Adults on Strenuous Endurance Exercise
Ming C. Liu,Pei Wei Weng,Tianyu Liu,Hsiang-Wei Huang,Chang-Ti Huang,Viraj Krishna Mishra,Ming Ta Yang +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on immune response, inflammatory profile, muscle damage, and aerobic capacity were investigated in people performing strenuous endurance exercise, and the results showed that 5000 IU of V3 daily for 4 weeks may effectively increase blood 25(OH)D levels, immune response and capacity while inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and muscle damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-term swimming up-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).
Book ChapterDOI
Exercise
TL;DR: In this article , moderate amounts of exercise, such as walking 30 min a day, may be sufficient to provide metabolic gains, elevated microbiota diversity, reduced oxidative stress, enhanced immune activity, and diminished inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seasonal Climate Effects on Influenza–Pneumonia Mortality and Public Health
TL;DR: In this paper , seasonal climate affects influenza-pneumonia (I-P) mortality using monthly health and climate data over the past 20 years, reduced to mean annual cycle and statistically correlated.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence
Claudio Franceschi,Massimiliano Bonafè,Silvana Valensin,Fabiola Olivieri,Maria De Luca,Enzo Ottaviani,Giovanna De Benedictis +6 more
TL;DR: The beneficial effects of inflammation devoted to the neutralization of dangerous/harmful agents early in life and in adulthood become detrimental late in life in a period largely not foreseen by evolution, according to the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nomenclature of monocytes and dendritic cells in blood.
Loems Ziegler-Heitbrock,Petronela Ancuta,Suzanne M. Crowe,Marc Dalod,Marc Dalod,Veronika Grau,Derek N.J. Hart,Pieter J. M. Leenen,Yong-Jun Liu,G. Gordon MacPherson,Gwendalyn J. Randolph,Juergen E. Scherberich,Juergen Schmitz,Ken Shortman,Silvano Sozzani,Herbert Strobl,Marek Zembala,Jonathan M. Austyn,Manfred B. Lutz +18 more
TL;DR: The present document proposes a nomenclature for monocytes and defines 3 types of monocytes (classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes) and3 types of dendritic cells (plasmacytoid and 2 types of myeloid dendrites) in human and in mouse blood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update
TL;DR: In clinical practice, measuring waist circumference in addition to the body mass index could be helpful for the identification and management of a subgroup of overweight or obese patients at high cardiometabolic risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health.
TL;DR: PNI researchers have used animal and human models to learn how the immune system communicates bidirectionally with the central nervous and endocrine systems and how these interactions impact on health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: A systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans
Claudio Franceschi,Miriam Capri,Daniela Monti,Sergio Giunta,Fabiola Olivieri,Federica Sevini,Maria Panagiota Panourgia,Laura Invidia,Laura Celani,Maria Scurti,Elisa Cevenini,Gastone Castellani,Stefano Salvioli +12 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that inflammaging can be flanked by anti-inflammaging as major determinants not only of immunosenescence but eventually of global aging and longevity.
Related Papers (5)
The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system.
David C. Nieman,Laurel M. Wentz +1 more
Voluntary Running Suppresses Tumor Growth through Epinephrine- and IL-6-Dependent NK Cell Mobilization and Redistribution
Line Pedersen,Manja Idorn,Gitte Holmen Olofsson,Britt Lauenborg,Intawat Nookaew,Intawat Nookaew,Rasmus Hvass Hansen,Helle Hjorth Johannesen,Jürgen C. Becker,Katrine S. Pedersen,Christine Dethlefsen,Jens Nielsen,Julie Gehl,Bente Klarlund Pedersen,Per thor Straten,Per thor Straten,Pernille Hojman,Pernille Hojman +17 more