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Journal ArticleDOI

Diverse and variable sex determination mechanisms in vertebrates

Xi-Yin Li, +1 more
- 13 Nov 2018 - 
- Vol. 61, Iss: 12, pp 1503-1514
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TLDR
This review will provide insights into the origin, transition and evolutionary adaption of different sex determination strategies in vertebrates, as well as clues for future perspectives in this field.
Abstract
Sex is prevalent in nature and sex determination is one of the most fundamental biological processes, while the way of initiating female and male development exhibits remarkable diversity and variability across vertebrates. The knowledge on why and how sex determination mechanisms evolve unusual plasticity remains limited. Here, we summarize sex determination systems, master sex-determining genes and gene-regulatory networks among vertebrates. Recent research advancements on sex determination system transition are also introduced and discussed in some non-model animals with multiple sex determination mechanisms. This review will provide insights into the origin, transition and evolutionary adaption of different sex determination strategies in vertebrates, as well as clues for future perspectives in this field.

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Citations
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Functional Divergence of Multiple Duplicated Foxl2 Homeologs and Alleles in a Recurrent Polyploid Fish.

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Chromosome-level analysis of the Crassostrea hongkongensis genome reveals extensive duplication of immune-related genes in bivalves.

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Screening and characterization of sex-linked DNA markers and marker-assisted selection in the Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis)

TL;DR: Sex-linked DNA markers obtained in this study will have potential applications in the isolation of sex determine gene, elucidation of the sex determination mechanism, and accelerate the development of sex control breeding in Southern catfish.

Rethinking fish biology and biotechnologies in the challenge era for burgeoning genome resources and strengthening food security

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Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals

TL;DR: This work synthesizes current knowledge of sex determination mechanisms, sex chromosome evolution, reproduction strategies, and sexual dimorphism, and also reviews several approaches for sex control in aquaculture animals, including artificial gynogenesis, application of sex-specific or sex chromosome-linked markers, artificial sex reversal, as well as gene editing.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Male development of chromosomally female mice transgenic for Sry

TL;DR: It is shown that Sry on a 14-kilobase genomic DNA fragment is sufficient to induce testis differentiation and subsequent male development when introduced into chromosomally female mouse embryos.
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Aromatase Cytochrome P450, The Enzyme Responsible for Estrogen Biosynthesis*

TL;DR: The biosynthesis of estrogens appears to occur throughout the entire vertebrate phylum including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, teleost and elasmobranch fish, and Agnatha, and in the protochordate Amphioxus.
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DMY is a Y-specific DM-domain gene required for male development in the medaka fish

TL;DR: Rec recombinant breakpoint analysis is used to restrict the sex-determining region in medaka fish to a 530-kilobase stretch of the Y chromosome, and it is suggested that thesex-specific DMY is required for testicular development and is a prime candidate for the medaka sex-Determining gene.
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The avian Z-linked gene DMRT1 is required for male sex determination in the chicken

TL;DR: RNA interference is used to knock down DMRT1 in early chicken embryos to support the Z dosage hypothesis for avian sex determination, and results indicate that D MRT1 is required for testis determination in the chicken.
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