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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Dysregulations of Functional RNA Modifications in Cancer, Cancer Stemness and Cancer Therapeutics.

Mohammad Burhan Uddin, +2 more
- 10 Feb 2020 - 
- Vol. 10, Iss: 7, pp 3164-3189
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TLDR
It is concluded that, while advanced technologies have uncovered the contributions of many of RNA modifications in cancer, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood and further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of how RNA modifications promote cell malignant transformation and generation of cancer stem cells, which will lead to the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Abstract
More than a hundred chemical modifications in coding and non-coding RNAs have been identified so far. Many of the RNA modifications are dynamic and reversible, playing critical roles in gene regulation at the posttranscriptional level. The abundance and functions of RNA modifications are controlled mainly by the modification regulatory proteins: writers, erasers and readers. Modified RNA bases and their regulators form intricate networks which are associated with a vast array of diverse biological functions. RNA modifications are not only essential for maintaining the stability and structural integrity of the RNA molecules themselves, they are also associated with the functional outcomes and phenotypic attributes of cells. In addition to their normal biological roles, many of the RNA modifications also play important roles in various diseases particularly in cancer as evidenced that the modified RNA transcripts and their regulatory proteins are aberrantly expressed in many cancer types. This review will first summarize the most commonly reported RNA modifications and their regulations, followed by discussing recent studies on the roles of RNA modifications in cancer, cancer stemness as wells as functional RNA modification machinery as potential cancer therapeutic targets. It is concluded that, while advanced technologies have uncovered the contributions of many of RNA modifications in cancer, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Moreover, whether and how environmental pollutants, important cancer etiological factors, trigger abnormal RNA modifications and their roles in environmental carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of how RNA modifications promote cell malignant transformation and generation of cancer stem cells, which will lead to the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

The m 6 A RNA methylation regulates oncogenic signaling pathways driving cell malignant transformation and carcinogenesis

TL;DR: The m6A RNA methylation is the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs which plays critical biological roles by regulating vital cellular processes Dysregulations due to aberrant expression of its regulatory proteins are frequently observed in many pathological conditions, particularly in cancer Normal cells undergo malignant transformation via activation or modulation of different oncogenic signaling pathways through complex mechanisms as discussed by the authors.
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Role of main RNA modifications in cancer: N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and pseudouridine

TL;DR: In this article , the role of RNA modifications in cancer progression has become increasingly prominent and is a hot spot in scientific research, which refers to heritable modifications in the genetic material without any changes in the nucleic acid sequence and results in heritable phenotypic changes.
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Context-Dependent Roles of RNA Modifications in Stress Responses and Diseases.

TL;DR: The role of RNA modifications in response to these cellular stressors is context-and cell-type-dependent as mentioned in this paper, and they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including cancer, neurologic and developmental disorders and diseases, and metabolic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Potential regulatory role of epigenetic RNA methylation in cardiovascular diseases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of RNA methylation in the pathophysiology of CVDs and the potential of using epigenetics to treat such disorders was summarized, and several approaches have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Comprehensive profiling and evaluation of the alteration of RNA modifications in thyroid carcinoma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors carried out the comprehensive profiling and evaluation of the alteration of RNA modifications in thyroid carcinoma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

M 6 A Methylation Controls Pluripotency of Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Targeting SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in a YTHDF1/YTHDF2-orchestrated Manner

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that m6A modification and its modulators play a crucial role in mediating piPSCs pluripotency and provides insight into an orchestrated network linking the m 6A methylation and SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in pluripOTency regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI

miRNAs regulate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.

TL;DR: The miRNA involvement in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is summarized, and miRNA contribution to malignancy through regulating cancer stem cells is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

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TL;DR: A Proteinase K study showed that proteins incorporated with RNA molecules were eliminated by SDS treatment and thus did not influence the migration of RNA and was found that 60 mM caused the most severe damage to the nucleic acids.
Journal ArticleDOI

N6-Allyladenosine: A New Small Molecule for RNA Labeling Identified by Mutation Assay

TL;DR: N6-allyladenosine (a6A) is reported as a new small molecule for RNA labeling through both metabolic and enzyme-assisted manners and demonstrates a new method for RNA labeled, which could find applications in developing sequencing methods for nascent RNAs and RNA modifications.
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