Electronic Structure of CH3NH3PbX3 Perovskites : Dependence on the Halide Moiety
read more
Citations
Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes.
Formamidinium and Cesium Hybridization for Photo- and Moisture-Stable Perovskite Solar Cell
Bismuth Based Hybrid Perovskites A3Bi2 I9 (A: Methylammonium or Cesium) for Solar Cell Application.
Chemically diverse and multifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites
Photovoltaic mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskites: links between crystallinity, photo-stability and electronic properties
References
Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density
Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior.
Semiempirical GGA-type density functional constructed with a long-range dispersion correction.
Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
Efficient pseudopotentials for plane-wave calculations
Related Papers (5)
Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition
Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q2. What is the main sink for dissolved silica in the modern oceans?
The major sink for dissolved silica in the modern oceans is biological uptake, primarily by diatoms as well as radiolaria and sponges.
Q3. What is the main sink for silica in the oceans?
Silica must continually have left the oceans by means of physiochemical processes, primarily as precipitates during the early stage evaporation of sea water and is preserved primarily as early diagenetic cherts in shallow-water carbonate successions87,96.
Q4. What is the common method of determining the Si isotope ratio?
The traditional method of using hydrofluoric acid (HF) for dissolving silicate samples can potentially fractionate Si isotopes due to the volatile loss of SiF4, which forms during this dissolution process.
Q5. How long does Si stay in the ocean?
The residence time of Si in the global oceans is ~15,000 years, although relative to biological uptake from surface waters, it is only ~400 years (ref. 70), implying that Si delivered to the modern oceans is recycled ~40 times through the biological cycle before it departs into a sedimentary sink.
Q6. What standards have been prepared and calibrated?
Several inter-laboratory standards like Diatomite, Big Batch, IRMM018, NBS28, Harvard-AA and Harvard-HPS11,27–29 have been prepared and calibrated.
Q7. What is the common type of silica in the sedimentary record?
Deposits of amorphous silica (now microcrystalline quartz) called cherts (including BIFs) have an ubiquitous presence in the sedimentary rock record.
Q8. How can the authors model the isotopic composition of precambrian sea water?
30Si of Precambrian sea water at any given time can be modeled as a function of 30Si of continental and hydrothermal inputs and outputs dominated by peritidal chert precipitation and BIF formation, their relative fluxes and the isotopic fractionation factors related to precipitation of silica from sea water or porewater and/or adsorption of silica onto Fe-hydroxide particles during BIF formation.
Q9. What is the way to estimate the silica concentration in the precambrian sea?
In the absence of any known biological sink, it is estimated that silica concentration must have been much higher in the Precambrian sea water, perhaps close to amorphous silica saturation87,94.
Q10. what is the significance of the silicium isotope fractionation in rice?
T. P. et al., Silicon isotope fractionation between rice plants and nutrient solution and its significance to the study of the silicon cycle.
Q11. How much of the silica in rivers is similar to the average continental crust?
30Si of suspended silica in rivers is similar to average igneous rocks and shales, whereas 30Si of the dissolved load is higher (~+0.8; Figure 1); this is a consequence of isotopic mass balance after the precipitation of 30Si-depleted secondary minerals79,80.
Q12. What is the way to infer the composition of precambrian sea water?
the use of cherts to directly infer the composition of Precambrian sea water has limitations because most of these Precambrian siliceous rocks formed during the diagenesis of precursor sediments, particularly carbonates.
Q13. What is the method to correct for instrument fractionation during Si isotope ratio measurements?
An alternate method to correct for instrument fractionation during Si isotope ratio measurements is to simultaneously measure Mg-isotopes in Mg-doped samples and standards7,26 assuming that the instrument fractionation of Mg and Si isotopes is similar.
Q14. What is the difference between amorphous silica precipitates and water?
amorphous silica precipitates are isotopically lighter than the ambient fluid, although the Si isotope fractionation factor between amorphous silica precipitates and water remains to be determined accurately and could vary as a function of the precipitation mechanism.