Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study
Karthikeyan Kumarasamy,Mark Toleman,Timothy R. Walsh,Jay Bagaria,Fafhana Butt,Ravikumar Balakrishnan,Uma Chaudhary,Michel Doumith,Christian G. Giske,Seema Irfan,Padma Krishnan,Anil Kumar,Sunil Maharjan,Shazad Mushtaq,Tabassum Noorie,David L. Paterson,A. Pearson,Claire Perry,Rachel Pike,Bhargavi Rao,Ujjwayini Ray,Jayanta B. Sarma,Madhu Sharma,Elizabeth Sheridan,M A Thirunarayan,Jane F. Turton,Supriya Upadhyay,Marina Warner,William Welfare,David M. Livermore,Neil Woodford +30 more
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The prevalence of NDM-1, in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and the UK is investigated, and co-ordinated international surveillance is needed.Abstract:
Summary Background Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to carbapenem conferred by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) are potentially a major global health problem. We investigated the prevalence of NDM-1, in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and the UK. Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolates were studied from two major centres in India—Chennai (south India), Haryana (north India)—and those referred to the UK's national reference laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed, and the presence of the carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-1 was established by PCR. Isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-restricted genomic DNA. Plasmids were analysed by S1 nuclease digestion and PCR typing. Case data for UK patients were reviewed for evidence of travel and recent admission to hospitals in India or Pakistan. Findings We identified 44 isolates with NDM-1 in Chennai, 26 in Haryana, 37 in the UK, and 73 in other sites in India and Pakistan. NDM-1 was mostly found among Escherichia coli (36) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (111), which were highly resistant to all antibiotics except to tigecycline and colistin. K pneumoniae isolates from Haryana were clonal but NDM-1 producers from the UK and Chennai were clonally diverse. Most isolates carried the NDM-1 gene on plasmids: those from UK and Chennai were readily transferable whereas those from Haryana were not conjugative. Many of the UK NDM-1 positive patients had travelled to India or Pakistan within the past year, or had links with these countries. Interpretation The potential of NDM-1 to be a worldwide public health problem is great, and co-ordinated international surveillance is needed. Funding European Union, Wellcome Trust, and Wyeth.read more
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Community pharmacists as antibiotic stewards: A qualitative study exploring the current status of Antibiotic Stewardship Program in Bahawalpur, Pakistan
TL;DR: The training of pharmacists, medication reconciliation, the implementation of the good pharmacy practice guidelines and assurance of pharmacist availability at drug retail outlets were few suggestions given by the study participants to incorporate the Antibiotic Stewardship Program in the community settings.
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Prevalence of NDM‐1 carbapenemase in patients with diarrhoea in Pakistan and evaluation of two chromogenic culture media
Kathryn M. Day,M. Salman,B. Kazi,Hanna E. Sidjabat,Anna Silvey,Clare Lanyon,Stephen Cummings,M. N. Ali,Muhammad W. Raza,David L. Paterson,John D. Perry +10 more
TL;DR: To evaluate two chromogenic media, Brilliance CRE and chromID CARBA, with stool samples referred to the Public Health Laboratories Division of the National Institute of Health in Islamabad, and assess the prevalence of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in this population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased Risk for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Colonization in Intensive Care Units after Hospitalization in Emergency Department.
Matias Chiarastelli Salomão,Maristela Pinheiro Freire,Icaro Boszczowski,Sueli F Raymundo,Ana Rubia Guedes,Anna S. Levin +5 more
TL;DR: It was found that ED stay before ICU admission was associated with CRE colonization at admission to the ICU, indicating that addressing infection control problems in EDs will help to control carbapenem resistance in ICUs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and antibacterial bioactivities of cationic deacetyl linezolid amphiphiles.
Bai Pengyan,Qin Shangshang,Wen-Chao Chu,Yi Yang,Cui Deyun,Hua Yonggang,Qian-Qian Yang,En Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: Six series of novel cationic deacetyl linezolid amphiphiles bearing one lipophilic alkyl chain and one non-peptidic amide bond were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activities and 6e is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound that may be a suitable lead as an antibiotic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enterobacterial infection in Saudi Arabia: First record of Klebsiella pneumoniae with triple carbapenemase genes resistance.
TL;DR: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in particular K. pneumoniae co-harboring KPC, NDM-1 and OXA-48 genes are emerging in Western region, Saudi Arabia, which is the first record of triple carbapenemase genes co-producing K. tuberculosis associated with enterobacterial infection.
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