Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study
Karthikeyan Kumarasamy,Mark Toleman,Timothy R. Walsh,Jay Bagaria,Fafhana Butt,Ravikumar Balakrishnan,Uma Chaudhary,Michel Doumith,Christian G. Giske,Seema Irfan,Padma Krishnan,Anil Kumar,Sunil Maharjan,Shazad Mushtaq,Tabassum Noorie,David L. Paterson,A. Pearson,Claire Perry,Rachel Pike,Bhargavi Rao,Ujjwayini Ray,Jayanta B. Sarma,Madhu Sharma,Elizabeth Sheridan,M A Thirunarayan,Jane F. Turton,Supriya Upadhyay,Marina Warner,William Welfare,David M. Livermore,Neil Woodford +30 more
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The prevalence of NDM-1, in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and the UK is investigated, and co-ordinated international surveillance is needed.Abstract:
Summary Background Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to carbapenem conferred by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) are potentially a major global health problem. We investigated the prevalence of NDM-1, in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and the UK. Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolates were studied from two major centres in India—Chennai (south India), Haryana (north India)—and those referred to the UK's national reference laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed, and the presence of the carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-1 was established by PCR. Isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-restricted genomic DNA. Plasmids were analysed by S1 nuclease digestion and PCR typing. Case data for UK patients were reviewed for evidence of travel and recent admission to hospitals in India or Pakistan. Findings We identified 44 isolates with NDM-1 in Chennai, 26 in Haryana, 37 in the UK, and 73 in other sites in India and Pakistan. NDM-1 was mostly found among Escherichia coli (36) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (111), which were highly resistant to all antibiotics except to tigecycline and colistin. K pneumoniae isolates from Haryana were clonal but NDM-1 producers from the UK and Chennai were clonally diverse. Most isolates carried the NDM-1 gene on plasmids: those from UK and Chennai were readily transferable whereas those from Haryana were not conjugative. Many of the UK NDM-1 positive patients had travelled to India or Pakistan within the past year, or had links with these countries. Interpretation The potential of NDM-1 to be a worldwide public health problem is great, and co-ordinated international surveillance is needed. Funding European Union, Wellcome Trust, and Wyeth.read more
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Bacteriophages as twenty-first century antibacterial tools for food and medicine.
Damien Maura,Laurent Debarbieux +1 more
TL;DR: Bacteriophages have co-evolved with bacteria for billions of years and retain the ability to infect bacteria efficiently, and are undoubtedly one of the best potential sources of new solutions for the management of undesirable bacteria.
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Emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase type 1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae: global case detection and bacterial surveillance
TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to summarize the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of human cases and surveillance reports with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase type 1 (NDM-1)-producing bacteria reported worldwide from January 2008 through July 6, 2011, suggesting a global distribution of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaiaceae.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Globalization of Healthcare: Implications of Medical Tourism for the Infectious Disease Clinician
Lin H. Chen,Mary E. Wilson +1 more
TL;DR: All medical histories must include details of travel and medical care abroad, and infection control issues are critical, as patients may be colonized or infected with unusual organisms.
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Resistance surveillance program report for selected European nations (2011).
Ronald N. Jones,Mirela Flonta,Nazahat Gurler,Mario Cepparulo,Rodrigo E. Mendes,Mariana Castanheira +5 more
TL;DR: European surveillance sampling demonstrates a wide array of resistant isolates, less prevalent among Gram-positive cocci that remain inhibited by several available agents, however, beta-lactamase-mediated mechanisms have spread widely among gram-negative bacilli, especially across the Eastern and Southern European nations.
Journal ArticleDOI
SMB-1, a Novel Subclass B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase, Associated with ISCR1 and a Class 1 Integron, from a Carbapenem-Resistant Serratia marcescens Clinical Isolate
Jun-ichi Wachino,Hiroyuki Yoshida,Kunikazu Yamane,Kunikazu Yamane,Satowa Suzuki,Mari Matsui,Takuya Yamagishi,Atsuko Tsutsui,Toshifumi Konda,Keigo Shibayama,Yoshichika Arakawa,Yoshichika Arakawa +11 more
TL;DR: The introduction of blaSMB-1 into Escherichia coli conferred resistance to a variety of β-lactam antibiotics, penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, but not aztreonam, a resistance pattern consistent with those of other MBLs.
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