Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical fitness landscapes and the predictability of evolution
TLDR
This work reviews recent empirical and theoretical developments of the genotype–fitness map, identifies methodological issues and organizing principles, and discusses possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.Abstract:
A central topic in biology concerns how genotypes determine phenotypes and functions of organisms that affect their evolutionary fitness. This Review discusses recent advances in the development of empirical fitness landscapes and their contribution to theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution, yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its structure. This is now changing, as real fitness landscapes are being analysed by constructing genotypes with all possible combinations of small sets of mutations observed in phylogenies or in evolution experiments. In turn, these first glimpses of empirical fitness landscapes inspire theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. Here, we review these recent empirical and theoretical developments, identify methodological issues and organizing principles, and discuss possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.read more
Citations
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Posted ContentDOI
Competing paths over fitness valleys in growing populations
Michael D. Nicholson,Tibor Antal +1 more
TL;DR: This work focuses on the setting where cells at the root vertex have the highest fitness and transition rates are small, and develops simple formulas derived for the time to reach the target vertex and for the probability that it is reached along a given path in the graph.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophage Qβ Adapts Rapidly to High Temperatures: An Evolution Experiment.
TL;DR: Results indicate that Qβ can evolve in response to increasing temperatures in a short period of time with the accumulation of point mutations, and reverse-adapted Qβ population showed little to no decrease in fitness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrences of reciprocal sign epistasis in single- and multi-peaked theoretical fitness landscapes
TL;DR: In this article , the authors consider genetic fitness landscapes abstractly as acyclic orientations of Boolean lattices under the assumptions laid out by Crona et al. They focus on occurrences of reciprocal sign epistasis (RSE) on the faces of the lattice.
Posted ContentDOI
Adaptation in protein fitness landscapes is facilitated by indirect paths
TL;DR: The fitness landscape of four sites in the IgG-binding domain of protein G, containing 204 = 160,000 variants, was experimentally characterized and found that the fitness landscape was rugged and direct paths of adaptation were often constrained by pairwise epistasis, but systematic evidence that such evolutionary traps could be circumvented by “extra-dimensional bypass” was found.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian populations
TL;DR: The frequency of a given gene in a population may be modified by a number of conditions including recurrent mutation to and from it, migration, selection of various sorts and, far from least in importance, were chance variation.
Book
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore what the Burgess Shale tells us about evolution and the nature of history and find that it holds the remains of an ancient sea where dozens of strange creatures lived.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epistasis--the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems.
TL;DR: There is a renewed appreciation both for the importance of studying gene interactions and for addressing these questions in a unified, quantitative manner with the advent of high-throughput functional genomics.