Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical fitness landscapes and the predictability of evolution
TLDR
This work reviews recent empirical and theoretical developments of the genotype–fitness map, identifies methodological issues and organizing principles, and discusses possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.Abstract:
A central topic in biology concerns how genotypes determine phenotypes and functions of organisms that affect their evolutionary fitness. This Review discusses recent advances in the development of empirical fitness landscapes and their contribution to theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution, yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its structure. This is now changing, as real fitness landscapes are being analysed by constructing genotypes with all possible combinations of small sets of mutations observed in phylogenies or in evolution experiments. In turn, these first glimpses of empirical fitness landscapes inspire theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. Here, we review these recent empirical and theoretical developments, identify methodological issues and organizing principles, and discuss possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.read more
Citations
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Posted ContentDOI
Within-host virus evolution during the extended treatment of RSV infection with mutagenic drugs
Christopher J. R. Illingworth,Alexandra Y. Kreins,Alejandro Soler,Timothy Best,Patricia Dyal,G. Lucchini,K. V. S. Eswara Rao,R.J. Williams,Austen Worth,Judith Breuer +9 more
TL;DR: Longer treatment of a life-threatening RSV infection with a combination of two viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, ribavirin and favipiravir, in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in an overall loss of viral fitness.
Posted Content
Epistasis and constraints in fitness landscapes
Luca Ferretti,Daniel M. Weinreich,Benjamin Schmiegelt,Atsushi Yamauchi,Yutaka Kobayashi,Fumio Tajima,Guillaume Achaz +6 more
TL;DR: This work proposes two new sets of measures that explicitly capture two relevant features of fitness landscapes: epistasis and constraints, and shows how these measures can help uncovering the amount and the nature of epistatic interactions in two experimental landscapes.
Posted ContentDOI
Genotype networks of 80 quantitative Arabidopsis thaliana phenotypes reveal phenotypic evolvability despite pervasive epistasis
TL;DR: The incidence of non-additive interactions between mutations is studied as a proxy for the ease to reach extreme phenotypic values of the genotype-phenotype maps of 80 quantitative phenotypes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genotype-phenotype maps and the predictability of evolution
Journal ArticleDOI
Information Theory Can Help Quantify the Potential of New Phenotypes to Originate as Exaptations
TL;DR: This work uses simple information theoretic concepts to quantify a molecular phenotype’s potential to give rise to new phenotypes, and shows that informationally expensive traits are more likely to originate exaptively.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian populations
TL;DR: The frequency of a given gene in a population may be modified by a number of conditions including recurrent mutation to and from it, migration, selection of various sorts and, far from least in importance, were chance variation.
Book
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore what the Burgess Shale tells us about evolution and the nature of history and find that it holds the remains of an ancient sea where dozens of strange creatures lived.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epistasis--the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems.
TL;DR: There is a renewed appreciation both for the importance of studying gene interactions and for addressing these questions in a unified, quantitative manner with the advent of high-throughput functional genomics.