Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical fitness landscapes and the predictability of evolution
TLDR
This work reviews recent empirical and theoretical developments of the genotype–fitness map, identifies methodological issues and organizing principles, and discusses possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.Abstract:
A central topic in biology concerns how genotypes determine phenotypes and functions of organisms that affect their evolutionary fitness. This Review discusses recent advances in the development of empirical fitness landscapes and their contribution to theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution, yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its structure. This is now changing, as real fitness landscapes are being analysed by constructing genotypes with all possible combinations of small sets of mutations observed in phylogenies or in evolution experiments. In turn, these first glimpses of empirical fitness landscapes inspire theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. Here, we review these recent empirical and theoretical developments, identify methodological issues and organizing principles, and discuss possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.read more
Citations
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Bottlenecks can constrain and channel evolutionary paths
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of population bottlenecks on the accessibility of evolutionary paths and on the rate of evolution were studied, and it was shown that population bottlenecking can act as a deterministic control of evolutionary path and each possible scenario can be forced to occur by tuning demographic parameters.
Posted ContentDOI
An extension of the Walsh-Hadamard transform to calculate and model epistasis in genetic landscapes of arbitrary shape and complexity
TL;DR: In this paper , an extension of the Walsh-Hadamard transform was proposed to model ensemble epistasis in a combinatorially complete multiallelic genetic landscape with an arbitrary number of states per position (20 for amino acids, 4 for nucleotides, etc.).
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Phenotype switching of the mutation rate facilitates adaptive evolution
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how the rate of adaptive evolution is affected by the mutation rate phenotype switching and find that non-genetic inheritance increases the proportion of mutators in the population, which in turn increases the probability of hitchhiking of the mutator phenotype with adaptive mutations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Getting higher on rugged landscapes: Inversion mutations open access to fitter adaptive peaks in NK fitness landscapes
TL;DR: This model suggests a simple mechanistic rationale to analyse escapes from local peaks in molecular evolution driven by (intragenic) structural inversions and reveals some consequences of the limits of point mutations for simulations of molecular evolution.
Posted ContentDOI
Fractal Genomics of SOD1 Evolution
TL;DR: SOD1 has long-range correlations which resulted not from point mutations, segmental duplications or patching together sequences from simpler organisms, Instead, SOD1 underwent convergent evolution by repeated unique sequence assemblies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian populations
TL;DR: The frequency of a given gene in a population may be modified by a number of conditions including recurrent mutation to and from it, migration, selection of various sorts and, far from least in importance, were chance variation.
Book
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore what the Burgess Shale tells us about evolution and the nature of history and find that it holds the remains of an ancient sea where dozens of strange creatures lived.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epistasis--the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems.
TL;DR: There is a renewed appreciation both for the importance of studying gene interactions and for addressing these questions in a unified, quantitative manner with the advent of high-throughput functional genomics.