Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical fitness landscapes and the predictability of evolution
TLDR
This work reviews recent empirical and theoretical developments of the genotype–fitness map, identifies methodological issues and organizing principles, and discusses possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.Abstract:
A central topic in biology concerns how genotypes determine phenotypes and functions of organisms that affect their evolutionary fitness. This Review discusses recent advances in the development of empirical fitness landscapes and their contribution to theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution, yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its structure. This is now changing, as real fitness landscapes are being analysed by constructing genotypes with all possible combinations of small sets of mutations observed in phylogenies or in evolution experiments. In turn, these first glimpses of empirical fitness landscapes inspire theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. Here, we review these recent empirical and theoretical developments, identify methodological issues and organizing principles, and discuss possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Statistics of overtake events by a tagged agent
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider a minimalist model of overtaking dynamics in one dimension, where a random number specifying the preferred velocity is drawn initially for each agent independently from a common distribution, and the time evolution is Markovian.
Posted ContentDOI
Epistasis, aneuploidy, and gain-of-function mutations underlie the evolution of resistance to induced microtubule depolymerization
Mattia Pavani,Paolo Bonaiuti,Elena Chiroli,Fridolin Gross,Federica Natali,Francesca Macaluso,Ádám Póti,Sebastiano Pasqualato,Simone Pompei,Marco Cosentino-Lagomarsino,Giulia Rancati,Dávid Szüts,Andrea Ciliberto +12 more
TL;DR: Given that tubulins are highly conserved among eukaryotes, these results are potentially relevant for understanding the emergence of resistance to drugs targeting microtubules, widely used for cancer treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying the Evolutionary Constraints and Potential of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein
Lei Dai,Lei Dai,Yushen Du,Yushen Du,Hangfei Qi,Christian D. Huber,Dongdong Chen,Tian-hao Zhang,Nicholas C. Wu,E.T. Wang,James O. Lloyd-Smith,Ren Sun +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified the fitness effects of mutations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein and found that the majority of nonsynonymous substitutions incur large fitness costs.
Posted ContentDOI
Epistasis between promoter activity and coding mutations shapes gene evolvability
Angel F. Cisneros,Isabelle Gagnon-Arsenault,Alexandre K. Dubé,Philippe Després,Pradum Kumar,Kiana Lafontaine,Joelle N. Pelletier,Christian R. Landry +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that expression level can dictate which coding mutations are beneficial or deleterious, and that expression at the optimal level for the WT protein masks the effects of both deleteriously and beneficial coding mutations.
Evolution of New Genes and Functions
TL;DR: The aim of this thesis was to elucidate how the effects of mutations on specific functions and organism fitness are determined in order to answer major evolutionary questions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian Populations.
TL;DR: Page 108, last line of text, for "P/P″" read "P′/ P″."
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution in Mendelian populations
TL;DR: The frequency of a given gene in a population may be modified by a number of conditions including recurrent mutation to and from it, migration, selection of various sorts and, far from least in importance, were chance variation.
Book
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore what the Burgess Shale tells us about evolution and the nature of history and find that it holds the remains of an ancient sea where dozens of strange creatures lived.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epistasis--the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems.
TL;DR: There is a renewed appreciation both for the importance of studying gene interactions and for addressing these questions in a unified, quantitative manner with the advent of high-throughput functional genomics.