Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants.
Andrea Fontana,Mirko Manchia,Mirko Manchia,Concetta Panebianco,Pasquale Paribello,Carlo Arzedi,E. Cossu,Mario Garzilli,Maria Antonietta Montis,Andrea Mura,Claudia Pisanu,Donatella Congiu,Massimiliano Copetti,Federica Pinna,Bernardo Carpiniello,Alessio Squassina,Valerio Pazienza +16 more
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TLDR
It is confirmed that dysbiosis is a hallmark of MDD and suggest that microbiota of TR patients significantly differs from responders to antidepressants, which further supports the relevance of an altered composition of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis ofMDD, suggesting a role in response to antidepressants.Abstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common severe psychiatric illness, exhibiting sub-optimal response to existing pharmacological treatments. Although its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood, recent findings suggest that an altered composition of the gut microbiota might play a role. Here we aimed to explore potential differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HC) and to identify possible signatures of treatment response by analyzing two groups of MDD patients characterized as treatment-resistant (TR) or responders (R) to antidepressants. Stool samples were collected from 34 MDD patients (8 TR, 19 R and 7 untreated) and 20 HC. Microbiota was characterized using the 16S metagenomic approach. A penalized logistic regression analysis algorithm was applied to identify bacterial populations that best discriminate the diagnostic groups. Statistically significant differences were identified for the families of Paenibacillaceae and Flavobacteriaceaea, for the genus Fenollaria, and the species Flintibacter butyricus, Christensenella timonensis, and Eisenbergiella massiliensis among others. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and the family Peptostreptococcaceae were more abundant in TR, whereas the phylum Actinobacteria was enriched in R patients. Moreover, a number of bacteria only characterized the microbiota of TR patients, and many others were only detected in R. Our results confirm that dysbiosis is a hallmark of MDD and suggest that microbiota of TR patients significantly differs from responders to antidepressants. This finding further supports the relevance of an altered composition of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of MDD, suggesting a role in response to antidepressants.read more
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Effects of (R)-ketamine on reduced bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice: A role of gut microbiota
Xiayun Wan,Akifumi Eguchi,Yuko Fujita,Li Ma,Xingming Wang,Yong Yang,Youge Qu,Lijia Chang,Jiancheng Zhang,Chisato Mori,Kenji Hashimoto +10 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined whether Gut microbiota plays a role in the beneficial effects of (R)-ketamine in the reduced bone mineral density (BMD) of OVX mice, which is an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Novel drug developmental strategies for treatment‐resistant depression
TL;DR: The most promising approaches are inhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission by NMDA and mGlu5 receptor antagonists, modulation of the opioidergic system by κ receptor antagonists and hallucinogenic tryptamine derivates as discussed by the authors .
Journal ArticleDOI
Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Schizophrenia and Treatment Resistance to Antipsychotics.
Mirko Manchia,Mirko Manchia,Andrea Fontana,Concetta Panebianco,Pasquale Paribello,Carlo Arzedi,E. Cossu,Mario Garzilli,Maria Antonietta Montis,Andrea Mura,Claudia Pisanu,Donatella Congiu,Massimiliano Copetti,Federica Pinna,Valerio Pazienza,Alessio Squassina,Bernardo Carpiniello +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized the composition of the gut microbiota in 38 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls (HC) and tested if SCZ patients with different response to antipsychotics (18 patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and 20 responders (R)).
Journal ArticleDOI
Remodeling of microbiota gut-brain axis using psychobiotics in depression.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review summarises the new mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbiota and brain involved in the management of depression, and proposes the role of gut microbiota in the process of treatment-resistant depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuropsychiatric Diseases – Creation of An Atlas-Based on Quantified Evidence
TL;DR: New insights are provided into the complex relationship between the brain and the gut and the implications in neuropsychiatric pathologies and the identification of unique signatures in neuro psychological diseases suggests new possibilities in targeted anti or probiotic treatment.
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TL;DR: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements and the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning.
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