Open AccessJournal Article
Fish diet, fish oil and docosahexaenoic acid rich oil lower fasting and postprandial plasma lipid levels
Jyrki J. Ågren,Otto Hänninen,A. Julkunen,L. Fogelholm,H. Vidgren,Ursula Schwab,O. Pynnonen,M. I. J. Uusitupa +7 more
TLDR
It is shown that both fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations can be decreased with moderate intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids either from a fish diet or fish oil and that also pure DHA has a hypotriglyceridemic effect.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to clarify the effects of fish diet, fish oil and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich oil on fasting and postprandial lipid levels in healthy male students. DESIGN The study was a randomized single-blind study with a control and three study groups. SETTING The study was carried out in the Departments of Physiology and Clinical Nutrition of University of Kuopio. SUBJECTS Healthy male volunteers were recruited for the study from the university student population. Fifty-nine subjects entered and 55 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS For 15 weeks the subjects in the fish diet group ate 4.3 +/- 0.5 fish containing meals per week and those in the fish oil and DHA-oil groups ate 4 g oil per day. Fish diet provided 0.38 +/- 0.04 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 0.67 +/- 0.09 g DHA, fish oil 1.33 g EPA and 0.95 g DHA and DHA-oil (EPA-free) 1.68 g DHA per day. RESULTS Fasting plasma triglyceride levels decreased in all test groups in 14 weeks when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Total plasma cholesterol levels did not change but the HDL2/HDL3-cholesterol ratio increased in all test groups by over 50% (P < 0.05). The postprandial total and chylomicron triglyceride responses, measured as areas under the response curve, were lowered in 15 weeks by the fish diet and fish oil (P < 0.05), the same tendency (P < 0.1) being seen in DHA-oil group. CONCLUSIONS These results show that both fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations can be decreased with moderate intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids either from a fish diet or fish oil and that also pure DHA has a hypotriglyceridemic effect.read more
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Distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n−3 fatty acids in humans
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A systemic review of the roles of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease.
TL;DR: Additional controlled clinical trials are needed to document whether long-term consumption or supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic Acid or the plant-derived counterpart (alpha-linolenic acid) results in better quality of life.
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Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017.
Makoto Kinoshita,Koutaro Yokote,Hidenori Arai,Mami Iida,Yasushi Ishigaki,Shun Ishibashi,Seiji Umemoto,Genshi Egusa,Hirotoshi Ohmura,Tomonori Okamura,Shinji Kihara,Shinji Koba,Isao Saito,Tetsuo Shoji,Hiroyuki Daida,Kazuhisa Tsukamoto,Juno Deguchi,Seitaro Dohi,Kazushige Dobashi,Hirotoshi Hamaguchi,Masumi Hara,Takafumi Hiro,Sadatoshi Biro,Yoshio Fujioka,Chizuko Maruyama,Yoshihiro Miyamoto,Yoshitaka Murakami,Masayuki Yokode,Hiroshi Yoshida,Hiromi Rakugi,Akihiko Wakatsuki,Shizuya Yamashita +31 more
TL;DR: Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan department of Medical Statistics, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka.
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TL;DR: Evidence for pharmacological responses and the mechanism of action of each of the n-3 fatty acid trio will be discussed for the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, especially adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Incorporation of n‐3 fatty acids into plasma lipid fractions, and erythrocyte membranes and platelets during dietary supplementation with fish, fish oil, and docosahexaenoic acid‐rich oil among healthy young men
Helvi M. Vidgren,Jyrki J. Ågren,Ursula Schwab,Tiina H. Rissanen,Osmo Hänninen,Matti Uusitupa +5 more
TL;DR: Results suggest retroconversion of DHA to EPA and that DHA also interferes with linoleic acid metabolism and that N-3 fatty acids increased and those of n-6 fatty acids decreased significantly in plasma lipid fractions and in platelets and erythrocyte membranes.
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