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Generation of membrane structures during phagocytosis and chemotaxis of macrophages: role and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton

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TLDR
This review will focus on the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate actin polymerization through initial receptor signaling and subsequent Arp2/3 activation by nucleation‐promoting factors like the WASP/WAVE family, followed by remodeling of actin networks to produce these very distinct structures.
Abstract
Macrophages are best known for their protective search and destroy functions against invading micro-organisms. These processes are commonly known as chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Both of these processes require actin cytoskeletal remodeling to produce distinct F-actin rich membrane structures called lamellipodia and phagocytic cups. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate actin polymerization through initial receptor signaling and subsequent Arp2/3 activation by nucleation promoting factors like the WASP/WAVE family, followed by remodeling of actin networks to produce these very distinct structures.

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A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells

TL;DR: Schulz et al. as discussed by the authors investigated whether adult macrophages all share a common developmental origin and found that a population of yolk-sac-derived, tissue-resident macophages was able to develop and persist in adult mice in the absence of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Regulation of Macrophage Activation and Polarization by HCC-Derived Exosomal lncRNA TUC339.

TL;DR: The results provide evidence for a novel regulatory function of tumor-derived exosomal lncRNA TUC339 in environmental macrophages and shed light on the complicated interactions between tumor and immune cells through exosome lncRNAs.
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Legionella pneumophila Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics to Trigger Metabolic Repurposing of Infected Macrophages

TL;DR: It is shown that Legionella uses both T4 SS-independent and T4SS-dependent mechanisms to respectively interact with mitochondria and induce mitochondrial fragmentation that ultimately alters mitochondrial metabolism and promotes a Warburg-like phenotype in macrophages that favors bacterial replication.
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Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer's disease

TL;DR: This work focuses upon six genes implicated by AD genetics that impact microglial function: TREM2, CD33, CR1, ABCA7, SHIP1, and APOE, and presents a model for how these factors may interact to modulate microglia function in AD.
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TRPV4 Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophage Phagocytosis.

TL;DR: It is suggested that signaling through TRPV4, triggered by changes in extracellular matrix stiffness, cooperates with LPS-induced signals to mediate macrophage phagocytic function and lung injury resolution.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets

TL;DR: The four stages of orderly inflammation mediated by macrophages are discussed: recruitment to tissues; differentiation and activation in situ; conversion to suppressive cells; and restoration of tissue homeostasis.
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Cell Migration: A Physically Integrated Molecular Process

TL;DR: The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Institutes of Health (grants GM23244 and GM53905), and to very helpful comments on the manuscript from Elliot Elson, Vlodya Gelfand, Paul Matsudaira, Julie Theriot, and Sally Zigmond.
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Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages

TL;DR: Macrophages also play an important role in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells; a notable feature of this process is the absence of an inflammatory response.
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Macrophages: Obligate Partners for Tumor Cell Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis

TL;DR: Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment facilitate angiogenesis and extracellular-matrix breakdown and remodeling and promote tumor cell motility and are an important drug target for cancer therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Lineage of Myeloid Cells Independent of Myb and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

TL;DR: It is found that the transcription factor Myb was required for development of HSCs and all CD11bhigh monocytes and macrophages, but was dispensable for yolk sac (YS)macrophages and for the development of YS-derived F4/80bright macrophage populations in several tissues.
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