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Germ layer induction from embryonic stem cells.

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TLDR
The current understanding of how bone morphogenic protein, transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt, and fibroblast growth factor pathways influence germ layer induction in both the embryo and in the ES cell differentiation system is addressed.
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This article is published in Experimental Hematology.The article was published on 2005-09-01. It has received 146 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Embryonic Induction & Cellular differentiation.

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Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: lessons from embryonic development.

TL;DR: The potential to generate virtually any differentiated cell type from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offers the possibility to establish new models of mammalian development and to create new sources of cells for regenerative medicine, but it is essential to be able to control ESC differentiation and to direct the development of these cells along specific pathways.
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Ontogeny of the Hematopoietic System

TL;DR: The experimental evidence that argues for the extrinsic origin of HSCs and the potential locations where HSC generation might occur are discussed and the identification of the cellular components playing a role in the generation process will be important in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in HSC production from undifferentiated mesoderm.
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Leukosialin (CD43) defines hematopoietic progenitors in human embryonic stem cell differentiation cultures

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that early progenitors committed to hematopoietic development could be identified by surface expression of leukosialin (CD43) and it was demonstrated that the first-appearing CD34(+)CD43(-)CD235a(+) CD41a(+/-)CD45(-) cells represent precommitted erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor.
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A mesoderm-derived precursor for mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells.

TL;DR: A common precursor of mesenchymal and endothelial cells, Mesenchymoangioblast, is identified as the source of mesoderm-derived MSCs, suggesting that, similar to hematopoietic cells, MSCS arise from precursors with angiogenic potential.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts

TL;DR: Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.
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Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos

TL;DR: The establishment in tissue culture of pluripotent cell lines which have been isolated directly from in vitro cultures of mouse blastocysts are reported, able to differentiate either in vitro or after innoculation into a mouse as a tumour in vivo.
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Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells

TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the establishment directly from normal preimplantation mouse embryos of a cell line that forms teratocarcinomas when injected into mice and demonstrated the pluripotency of these embryonic stem cells by the observation that subclonal cultures, derived from isolated single cells, can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.
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The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease.

TL;DR: The data reveal that multiple extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear regulators intricately modulate Wnt signaling levels, and that receptor-ligand specificity and feedback loops help to determine WNT signaling outputs.
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Quantitative expression of Oct-3/4 defines differentiation, dedifferentiation or self-renewal of ES cells.

TL;DR: A role is established for Oct-3/4 as a master regulator of pluripotency that controls lineage commitment and the sophistication of critical transcriptional regulators is illustrated and the consequent importance of quantitative analyses are illustrated.
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