Glymphatic System in the Central Nervous System, a Novel Therapeutic Direction Against Brain Edema After Stroke
TLDR
The role of the glymphatic system in the formation and regression of brain edema after stroke could promote the exclusion of fluids in the brain tissue and promote the recovery of neurological function in stroke patients as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Stroke is the destruction of brain function and structure, and is caused by either cerebrovascular obstruction or rupture. It is a disease associated with high mortality and disability worldwide. Brain edema after stroke is an important factor affecting neurologic function recovery. The glymphatic system is a recently discovered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport system. Through the perivascular space and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) on astrocytes, it promotes the exchange of CSF and interstitial fluid (ISF), clears brain metabolic waste, and maintains the stability of the internal environment within the brain. Excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain tissue causes cerebral edema, but the glymphatic system plays an important role in the process of both intake and removal of fluid within the brain. The changes in the glymphatic system after stroke may be an important contributor to brain edema. Understanding and targeting the molecular mechanisms and the role of the glymphatic system in the formation and regression of brain edema after stroke could promote the exclusion of fluids in the brain tissue and promote the recovery of neurological function in stroke patients. In this review, we will discuss the physiology of the glymphatic system, as well as the related mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in the formation of brain edema after stroke, which could provide a new direction for research against brain edema after stroke.read more
Citations
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Glymphatic Dysfunction Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuro-Inflammation in Major Depression Disorders
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed recent advances with regard to stress-induced glymphatic system impairment and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation in major depression disorder (MDD) and showed that such impairment can lead to ROS accumulation in the microenvironment, inducing cellular injury signaling and activating NLRP3 in microglia.
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Glymphatic system evaluation using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with traumatic brain injury
Jung Hyun Park,Yun Jung Bae,Ji Su Kim,Woo Sang Jung,Jin Wook Choi,Tae Hoon Roh,Namkyu You,Sehun Kim,Miran Han +8 more
TL;DR: The DTI-ALPS method is useful for evaluating glymphatic system impairment and quantifying its activity in patients with TBI.
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Improving the Function of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels to Promote Brain Edema Absorption after Traumatic Brain Injury
Matthew L. Vincent,Karl Martin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of ketoprofen, 9-cisRA, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor-C (VEGF-C) on the cerebellar medullary cistern injection of TBI rats were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dysfunctional Glymphatic System with Disrupted Aquaporin 4 Expression Pattern on Astrocytes Causes Bacterial Product Accumulation in the CSF during Pneumococcal Meningitis
Jaqueline S. Generoso,Sigrun Thorsdottir,Allan Collodel,Diogo Dominguini,Roberta R. E. Santo,Fabricia Petronilho,Tatiana Barichello,Federico Iovino +7 more
TL;DR: The results clearly showed that during pneumococcal meningitis, the glymphatic system does not function because of a detachment of the astrocytic end feet from the blood-brain barrier (BBB) vascular endothelium, which leads to misplacement of AQP4 with the consequent loss of the AQP 4 water channel's functionality.
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Molecular, Pathological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Perihematomal Edema in Different Stages of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Chao Jiang,Hengtao Guo,Zhiying Zhang,Ya-li Wang,Simon Liu,Jonathan Lai,Tom J Wang,Shize Li,Jing Zhang,Lei Zhu,P. Fu,Jie Zhang,Jian Wang +12 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the factors that affect PHE by focusing on traditional variables, the cerebral venous drainage system, and the brain lymphatic drainage system and explains why the relationship between PHE and the functional outcome of ICH is currently controversial.
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