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Going against the Tide: Selective Cellular Protein Synthesis during Virally Induced Host Shutoff.

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TLDR
Emerging evidence from vaccinia and influenza A virus infections indicates that subsets of cellular proteins are resistant to host shutoff and continue to be synthesized, and remarkably, the proteins of oxidative phosphorylation, the cellular-energy-generating machinery, are selectively synthesized in both cases.
Abstract
Many viral infections cause host shutoff, a state in which host protein synthesis is globally inhibited. Emerging evidence from vaccinia and influenza A virus infections indicates that subsets of cellular proteins are resistant to host shutoff and continue to be synthesized. Remarkably, the proteins of oxidative phosphorylation, the cellular-energy-generating machinery, are selectively synthesized in both cases. Identifying mechanisms that drive selective protein synthesis should facilitate understanding both viral replication and fundamental cell biology.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Immune responses in influenza A virus and human coronavirus infections: an ongoing battle between the virus and host.

TL;DR: Understanding of the role of the immune system in protection and in the pathogenesis of these infections and of co-evolution of viruses and their hosts is improved, which will facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies and vaccines with enhanced efficacy.
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The 5'-poly(A) leader of poxvirus mRNA confers a translational advantage that can be achieved in cells with impaired cap-dependent translation.

TL;DR: In vaccinia virus-infected cells, mRNA with a 5’-poly(A) leader could also be efficiently translated in cells with impaired cap-dependent translation, and this result point to a fundamental mechanism poxvirus uses to efficiently translate its post-replicative mRNAs.
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Cellular Proteostasis During Influenza A Virus Infection—Friend or Foe?

TL;DR: The manipulative capacity of this virus to usurp the cellular protein processing mechanisms is focused on and the protein quality control mechanisms in the cytosol and in the endoplasmic reticulum that are affected by this virus are reviewed.
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Vaccinia Virus as a Master of Host Shutoff Induction: Targeting Processes of the Central Dogma and Beyond.

TL;DR: This article elaborate on how VACV induces host shutoff by targeting host cell DNA synthesis, RNA production and processing, mRNA translation, and protein degradation, and proposes avenues for future investigations that will facilitate the understanding of poxvirus biology, as well as fundamental cellular gene expression and regulation mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI

E6-induced selective translation of WNT4 and JIP2 promotes the progression of cervical cancer via a noncanonical WNT signaling pathway.

TL;DR: A novel oncogenic mechanism of E6 via regulating the translation of mRNAs is revealed, resulting in the activation of the noncanonical WNT/PCP/JNK pathway to promote cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Genome-Wide Analysis in Vivo of Translation with Nucleotide Resolution Using Ribosome Profiling

TL;DR: A ribosomesome-profiling strategy based on the deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments is presented and enables genome-wide investigation of translation with subcodon resolution and is used to monitor translation in budding yeast under both rich and starvation conditions.
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Ribosome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Reveals the Complexity and Dynamics of Mammalian Proteomes

TL;DR: A suite of techniques, based on ribosome profiling, are presented to provide genome-wide maps of protein synthesis as well as a pulse-chase strategy for determining rates of translation elongation, revealing an unanticipated complexity to mammalian proteomes.
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Cellular energy utilization and molecular origin of standard metabolic rate in mammals

TL;DR: The differences in standard metabolic rate between animals of different body mass and phylogeny appear to be due to proportionate changes in the whole of energy metabolism.
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The mitochondrial genome: structure, transcription, translation and replication

TL;DR: It is expected that cell cultures of patients with mitochondrial diseases will increasingly be used to address fundamental questions about mtDNA expression, and several key enzymes involved in mtDNA replication, transcription and protein synthesis have now been biochemically identified and some have been cloned.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mitochondria in innate immune responses

TL;DR: This work reviews the emerging knowledge about the roles of mitochondria in innate immunity and suggests mitochondria appear to function as centrally positioned hubs in the innate immune system.
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