Golden Rice: Introducing the β-Carotene Biosynthesis Pathway into Rice Endosperm by Genetic Engineering to Defeat Vitamin A Deficiency
Peter Beyer,Salim Al-Babili,Xudong Ye,Xudong Ye,Paola Lucca,Patrick Schaub,Ralf Welsch,Ingo Potrykus +7 more
TLDR
A hypothesis is developed that trans-lycopene or a trans-allycopene derivative acts as an inductor in a kind of feedback mechanism stimulating endogenous carotenogenic genes in rice endosperm.Abstract:
To obtain a functioning provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway in rice endosperm, we introduced in a single, combined transformation effort the cDNA coding for phytoene synthase (psy) and lycopene beta-cyclase (beta-lcy) both from Narcissus pseudonarcissus and both under the control of the endosperm-specific glutelin promoter together with a bacterial phytoene desaturase (crtI, from Erwinia uredovora under constitutive 35S promoter control). This combination covers the requirements for beta-carotene synthesis and, as hoped, yellow beta-carotene-bearing rice endosperm was obtained in the T(0)-generation. Additional experiments revealed that the presence of beta-lcy was not necessary, because psy and crtI alone were able to drive beta-carotene synthesis as well as the formation of further downstream xanthophylls. Plausible explanations for this finding are that these downstream enzymes are constitutively expressed in rice endosperm or are induced by the transformation, e.g., by enzymatically formed products. Results using N. pseudonarcissus as a model system led to the development of a hypothesis, our present working model, that trans-lycopene or a trans-lycopene derivative acts as an inductor in a kind of feedback mechanism stimulating endogenous carotenogenic genes. Various institutional arrangements for disseminating Golden Rice to research institutes in developing countries also are discussed.read more
Citations
More filters
Book
Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients
TL;DR: Food fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants
TL;DR: In this review, current knowledge of the genes and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism are summarized and recent progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying carOTenoid accumulation is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Source to sink: regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants
TL;DR: The molecular nature of the mechanisms regulating carotenoid biosynthesis, including evidence for metabolite feedback, transcription and epigenetic control as well as their accumulation, storage and degradation will be the focus of this review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotenoid accumulation and function in seeds and non-green tissues.
TL;DR: This review summarises the current knowledge of the carotenoid content of non-green plastids and discusses what is known about the regulation of their biosynthesis in roots, fruits, flowers, tubers and seeds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Manipulation of light signal transduction as a means of modifying fruit nutritional quality in tomato
Yongsheng Liu,Sherry Roof,Zhibiao Ye,Cornelius S. Barry,Ageeth van Tuinen,Julia Vrebalov,Chris Bowler,James J. Giovannoni +7 more
TL;DR: Results suggest genes encoding components of light signal transduction machinery also influence fruit pigmentation and represent genetic tools for manipulation of fruit quality and nutritional value.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineering the Provitamin A (β-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm
TL;DR: Recombinant DNA technology was used to improve the nutritional value of rice, and a combination of transgenes enabled biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm.
Journal ArticleDOI
A One Year Study of the Macular Pigment: The Effect of 140 Days of a Lutein Supplement
TL;DR: The modest period of supplementation with lutein has been estimated to have produced in the subjects a 30 to 40% reduction in blue light reaching the photoreceptors, Bruch's membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, the vulnerable tissues affected by AMD.
Journal ArticleDOI
The deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms
Wolfgang Eisenreich,Matthias Schwarz,Alain Cartayrade,Duilio Arigoni,Meinhart H. Zenk,Adelbert Bacher +5 more
TL;DR: Recent studies have uncovered the existence of an alternative, non-mevalonate pathway for the formation of isopentenyl pyroph phosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, the two building blocks of terpene biosynthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis
P. K. Burkhardt,Peter Beyer,J. Wünn,Andreas Klöti,Gregory A. Armstrong,Michael Schledz,Johannes von Lintig,Ingo Potrykus +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that it is in principle possible to engineer a critical step in provitamin A biosynthesis in a non-photosynthetic, carotenoid-lacking plant tissue.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional expression of the Erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthesis gene crtl in transgenic plants showing an increase of beta-carotene biosynthesis activity and resistance to the bleaching herbicide norflurazon.
Norihiko Misawa,Shigeyuki Yamano,Hartmut Linden,María Rosario de Felipe,M. Mercedes Lucas,Hiroshi Ikenaga,Gerhard Sandmann +6 more
TL;DR: Immunogold localization showed that the location of the gene product Crtl was preferentially in the thylakoids, and the transgenic tobacco acquired elevated resistance to the bleaching herbicide norflurazon.