Hierarchy of Hofstadter states and replica quantum Hall ferromagnetism in graphene superlattices
Geliang Yu,Roman V. Gorbachev,J. S. Tu,Andrey V. Kretinin,Yang Cao,Rashid Jalil,Freddie Withers,Leonid Ponomarenko,Leonid Ponomarenko,Benjamin A. Piot,Marek Potemski,D. C. Elias,D. C. Elias,Xi Chen,Kazuyuki Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Irina V. Grigorieva,K. S. Novoselov,Vladimir I. Fal'ko,Andre K. Geim,Artem Mishchenko +20 more
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In this article, the Hofstadter butterfly is suppressed by suppression of quantum Hall antiferromagnetism at particular commensurate magnetic fluxes by means of capacitance spectroscopy.Abstract:
Graphene on boron nitride gives rise to a moire superlattice displaying the Hofstadter butterfly: a fractal dependence of energy bands on external magnetic fields. Now, by means of capacitance spectroscopy, further aspects of this system are revealed—most notably, suppression of quantum Hall antiferromagnetism at particular commensurate magnetic fluxes.read more
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2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
TL;DR: Two-dimensional heterostructures with extended range of functionalities yields a range of possible applications, and spectrum reconstruction in graphene interacting with hBN allowed several groups to study the Hofstadter butterfly effect and topological currents in such a system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detecting topological currents in graphene superlattices
Roman V. Gorbachev,Justin C. W. Song,Justin C. W. Song,Geliang Yu,Andrey V. Kretinin,Freddie Withers,Yang Cao,Artem Mishchenko,Irina V. Grigorieva,Konstantin S. Novoselov,Leonid Levitov,Andre K. Geim +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlocal voltage at zero magnetic field in a narrow energy range near Dirac points at distances as large as several micrometers away from the nominal current path was observed, indicating large valley-Hall angles.
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van der Waals Layered Materials: Opportunities and Challenges
TL;DR: The vdW materials library, technology relevance, and specialties of vdw materials covering the vdD interaction, strong Coulomb interaction, layer dependence, dielectric screening engineering, work function modulation, phase engineering, heterostructures, stability, growth issues, and the remaining challenges are reviewed.
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Disorder in van der Waals heterostructures of 2D materials
TL;DR: The progress in disorder control for graphene and TMDs is discussed, as well as in van der Waals heterostructures realized by combining these materials with hexagonal boron nitride.
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van der Waals heterostructures combining graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
TL;DR: A detailed overview of the physics and device properties of van der Waals heterostructures consisting of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride can be found in this article, including the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, novel plasmonic states and emergent moire superlattices.
References
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Energy levels and wave functions of Bloch electrons in rational and irrational magnetic fields
TL;DR: In this paper, an effective single-band Hamiltonian representing a crystal electron in a uniform magnetic field is constructed from the tight-binding form of a Bloch band by replacing the operator of the Schr\"odinger equation with a matrix method, and the graph of the spectrum over a wide range of "rational" fields is plotted.
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Massive Dirac Fermions and Hofstadter Butterfly in a van der Waals Heterostructure
Benjamin Hunt,Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi,Andrea Young,Matthew Yankowitz,Brian J. LeRoy,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Pilkyung Moon,Mikito Koshino,Pablo Jarillo-Herrero,Raymond Ashoori +10 more
TL;DR: Band structure engineering in a van der Waals heterostructure composed of a monolayer graphene flake coupled to a rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate is demonstrated, resulting in an unexpectedly large band gap at charge neutrality.
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Hofstadter’s butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moiré superlattices
Cory Dean,Lei Wang,Patrick Maher,Carlos Forsythe,Fereshte Ghahari,Yuanda Gao,Jyoti Katoch,Masa Ishigami,Pilkyung Moon,Mikito Koshino,Takashi Taniguchi,Kenji Watanabe,Kenneth L. Shepard,James Hone,Philip Kim +14 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that moiré superlattices arising in bilayer graphene coupled to hexagonal boron nitride provide a periodic modulation with ideal length scales of the order of ten nanometres, enabling unprecedented experimental access to the fractal spectrum.
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Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
Jiamin Xue,Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi,Daniel Bulmash,Philippe Jacquod,Aparna Deshpande,Aparna Deshpande,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Pablo Jarillo-Herrero,Brian J. LeRoy +9 more
TL;DR: Scanning tunnelling microscopy is used to show that graphene conforms to hBN, as evidenced by the presence of Moiré patterns, but contrary to predictions, this conformation does not lead to a sizeable band gap because of the misalignment of the lattices.
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Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices
Leonid Ponomarenko,Roman V. Gorbachev,Geliang Yu,D. C. Elias,Rashid Jalil,Aavishkar A. Patel,Artem Mishchenko,A. S. Mayorov,Colin R. Woods,John Wallbank,Marcin Mucha-Kruczynski,Benjamin A. Piot,Marek Potemski,Irina V. Grigorieva,K. S. Novoselov,Francisco Guinea,Vladimir I. Fal'ko,Andre K. Geim +17 more
TL;DR: Graphene superlattices such as this one provide a way of studying the rich physics expected in incommensurable quantum systems and illustrate the possibility of controllably modifying the electronic spectra of two-dimensional atomic crystals by varying their crystallographic alignment within van der Waals heterostuctures.