Journal ArticleDOI
HPV DNA, E6/E7 mRNA, and p16INK4a detection in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Cathy Ndiaye,Marisa Mena,Laia Alemany,Marc Arbyn,Xavier Castellsagué,Louise Laporte,F. Xavier Bosch,Silvia de Sanjosé,Helen Trottier +8 more
TLDR
The contribution of HPV prevalence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and in particular that of HPV16 in the oropharynx shows the potential benefit of prophylactic vaccines.Abstract:
Summary Background We aimed to provide updated information about the global estimates of attributable fraction and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We did a literature search on PubMed to identify studies that used PCR for detection of HPV DNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with information about HPV genotype distribution. We included studies that tested 20 or more biopsies per cancer site and were published between July 15, 1990, and Feb 29, 2012. We collected information about sex, risk factors, HPV detection methods, and biomarkers of potentially HPV-induced carcinogenesis (E6/E7 mRNA and p16 INK4a ). If it was not possible to abstract the required information directly from the paper, we contacted the authors. We did a meta-analysis to produce pooled prevalence estimates including a meta-regression to explore sources of heterogeneity. Findings 148 studies were included, contributing data for 12 163 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from 44 countries. HPV DNA was detected in 3837 cases. HPV16 accounted for 82·2% (95% CI 77·7–86·4) of all HPV DNA positive cases. By cancer site, pooled HPV DNA prevalence estimates were 45·8% (95% CI 38·9–52·9) for oropharynx, 22·1% (16·4–28·3) for larynx (including hypopharynx), and 24·2% (18·7–30·2) for oral cavity. The percent positivity of p16 INK4a positive cases in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer cases was 86·7% (95% CI 79·2–92·9) and of E6/E7 mRNA positive cases was 86·9% (73·2–96·8). The estimate of HPV attributable fraction in oropharyngeal cancer defined by expression of positive cases of E6/E7 mRNA was 39·8% and of p16 INK4a was 39·7%. Of subsites, tonsils (53·9%, 95% CI 46·4–61·3) had the highest HPV DNA prevalence. HPV DNA prevalence varied significantly by anatomical site, geographic region, but not by sex or tobacco or alcohol consumption. Interpretation The contribution of HPV prevalence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and in particular that of HPV16 in the oropharynx shows the potential benefit of prophylactic vaccines. Funding European Commission.read more
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Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2012: a synthetic analysis
Martyn Plummer,Catherine de Martel,Jérôme Vignat,ME Jacques Ferlay,Freddie Bray,Silvia Franceschi +5 more
TL;DR: A large potential exists for reducing the burden of cancer caused by infections, and population-based vaccination and screen-and-treat programmes should be made accessible and available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus–Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
TL;DR: Recent data are reviewed to provide insight into several topics, including incidence trends and projections for HPV-positive HNC; the worldwide HPV-attributable fraction; sex disparities in cancer risk; the epidemiology of oral HPV infection; the latency period between infection and cancer; the potential impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination; and prospects for secondary prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer
TL;DR: It became apparent that HNSCC is a disease characterized by frequent mutations that create neoantigens, indicating that immunotherapies might be effective and that immunotherapy trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors were published, and these may be considered as a paradigm shift in head and neck oncology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma—an update
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare and contrast tumors at these two sites with respect to epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinicopathologic presentation, clinical assessment, imaging, management, and prognosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
HPV Involvement in Head and Neck Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Biomarkers in 3680 Patients
Xavier Castellsagué,Laia Alemany,Miquel Quer,Gordana Halec,Beatriz Quirós,Sara Tous,Omar Clavero,Llucia Alos,Thorsten Biegner,Tomasz Szafarowski,Maria Alejo,Dana Holzinger,Enrique Cadena,Edith Claros,Gillian Hall,Jan Laco,Mario Poljak,Maria Benevolo,Elena Kasamatsu,Hisham Mehanna,Cathy Ndiaye,Núria Guimerà,Belen Lloveras,Xavier León,Juan C. Ruiz-Cabezas,Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero,Chang Suk Kang,Jin-Kyoung Oh,Marcial Garcia-Rojo,Ermina Iljazovic,Oluseyi F. Ajayi,Flora Duarte,Ashrafun Nessa,Leopoldo Tinoco,Marco A. Duran-Padilla,Edyta C. Pirog,Halina Viarheichyk,Hesler Morales,Valérie Costes,Ana Félix,Maria Julieta V Germar,Marisa Mena,Arzu Ruacan,Asha Jain,Ravi Mehrotra,Marc T. Goodman,Luis Estuardo Lombardi,Annabelle Ferrera,Sani Malami,Estela I. Albanesi,Pablo Dabed,Carla Molina,Rubén López-Revilla,Václav Mandys,Manuel E. González,Julio Velasco,Ignacio G. Bravo,Wim Quint,Michael Pawlita,Nubia Muñoz,Silvia de Sanjosé,F. Xavier Bosch +61 more
TL;DR: This large international study to estimate fractions of head and neck cancers attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV-AFs) using six HPV-related biomarkers of viral detection, transcription, and cellular transformation confirms the important role ofHPVs in oropharyngeal cancer and drastically downplays the previously reported involvement of HPVs in the other HNCs.
References
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TL;DR: Moher et al. as mentioned in this paper introduce PRISMA, an update of the QUOROM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which is used in this paper.
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Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
TL;DR: The QUOROM Statement (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analyses) as mentioned in this paper was developed to address the suboptimal reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
TL;DR: A new quantity is developed, I 2, which the authors believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis, which is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta- analysis.
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Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008.
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