Immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus: what have we learned?
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TLDR
Greater understanding of the immune mechanisms that underlie protective responses and fungal pathways that promote microbial adaptation and growth in mammalian tissue provide a conceptual framework for improving current antifungal therapies.Abstract:
Purpose of review
Aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive and allergenic disease. Host defense relies on the ability of the respiratory immune system to restrict spore germination into invasive hyphae and to limit fungus-induced or inflammation-induced damage in infected tissues. This review covers the molecular and cellular events that mediate innate and CD4 T-cell responses to A. fumigatus and fungal attributes that counter hostile microenvironments and, in turn, affect host responses.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecology of aspergillosis: insights into the pathogenic potency of Aspergillus fumigatus and some other Aspergillus species
Caroline Paulussen,John E. Hallsworth,Sergio Álvarez-Pérez,William C. Nierman,Philip G Hamill,David Blain,Hans Rediers,Bart Lievens +7 more
TL;DR: The biophysical capabilities of Aspergillus pathogens, key aspects of their ecophysiology and the flexibility to undergo a sexual cycle or form cryptic species are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct interaction studies between Aspergillus fumigatus and human immune cells; what have we learned about pathogenicity and host immunity?
TL;DR: Transcriptional analysis of A. fumigatus interacting with these cells has indicated that it can adapt to the harsh microenvironment of the phagosome and produces toxins, ribotoxin and gliotoxin, that can induce cell death in the majority of innate immune cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammatory monocytes orchestrate innate antifungal immunity in the lung.
Vanessa Espinosa,Anupam Jhingran,Orchi Dutta,Shinji Kasahara,Robert J. Donnelly,Peicheng Du,Jeffrey A. Rosenfeld,Ingrid Leiner,Chiann-Chyi Chen,Yacov Ron,Tobias M. Hohl,Amariliz Rivera +11 more
TL;DR: Using conditional and antibody-mediated cell ablation strategies, it is found that CCR2+Mo and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) are essential for innate defense against inhaled conidia by harnessing fluorescent Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia that report fungal cell association and viability in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pulmonary fungal infections
TL;DR: The diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as well as histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, has improved with the use of easily performed antigen detection systems in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the introduction of new azoles, voriconazole and posaconazole that have broad antifungal activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extrapulmonary Aspergillus infection in patients with CARD9 deficiency.
Nikolaus Rieber,Roel P. Gazendam,Alexandra F. Freeman,Amy P. Hsu,Amanda L. Collar,Janyce A. Sugui,Rebecca A. Drummond,Chokechai Rongkavilit,Kevin W. Hoffman,Carolyn Henderson,Lily P. Clark,Markus Mezger,Muthulekha Swamydas,Maik Engeholm,Rebecca Schüle,Bettina Neumayer,Frank Ebel,Constantinos M. Mikelis,Stefania Pittaluga,Vinod K. Prasad,Anurag Singh,Joshua D. Milner,Kelli W. Williams,Jean K. Lim,Kyung J. Kwon-Chung,Steven M. Holland,Dominik Hartl,Taco W. Kuijpers,Michail S. Lionakis +28 more
TL;DR: Results show that CARD9 deficiency is the first known inherited or acquired condition that predisposes to extrapulmonary Aspergillus infection with sparing of the lungs, associated with impaired neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection.
References
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Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Filamentous Fungi
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