Journal ArticleDOI
Individual differences in working memory and reading
TLDR
The reading span, the number of final words recalled, varied from two to five for 20 college students and was correlated with three reading comprehension measures, including verbal SAT and tests involving fact retrieval and pronominal reference.About:
This article is published in Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior.The article was published on 1980-08-01. It has received 6041 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Reading span task & Memory span.read more
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Individual Differences in Arithmetic: Implications for Psychology, Neuroscience and Education
TL;DR: The Brain and Individual Differences in Arithmetic as mentioned in this paper The role of Attitudes and Emotions in Mathematical Difficulties and Implications for Helping Children with their ArithmeticalDifficulties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Separate roles for executive and phonological components of working memory in mental arithmetic.
Ansgar J. FÜrst,Graham J. Hitch +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the carrying component of mental arithmetic places substantial demands on executive processes, whereas the need to retain problem information is met by the phonological loop.
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Working memory capacity: Attention control, secondary memory, or both? A direct test of the dual-component model
TL;DR: The authors examined the extent to which attention control abilities, secondary memory abilities, or both accounted for variation in working memory capacity (WMC) and its relation to fluid intelligence and found that a substantial part of the shared variance between WMC and fluid intelligence was due to both attention control and secondary memory ability.
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Language mechanisms and reading disorder: A modular approach☆
Donald Shankweiler,Stephen Crain +1 more
TL;DR: This paper considers a complex of language-related problems that research has identified in children with reading disorder and attempts to understand this complex in relation to proposals about the language processing mechanism.
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From Poor Performance to Success under Stress: Working Memory, Strategy Selection, and Mathematical Problem Solving under Pressure.
Sian L. Beilock,Marci S. DeCaro +1 more
TL;DR: Under low-pressure conditions, the lower individuals' working memory, the better their performance, and, under pressure, higher WM individuals performed optimally by using the simpler strategies lower WM individuals employed.
References
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The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information
TL;DR: The theory of information as discussed by the authors provides a yardstick for calibrating our stimulus materials and for measuring the performance of our subjects and provides a quantitative way of getting at some of these questions.
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The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information
TL;DR: The theory provides us with a yardstick for calibrating the authors' stimulus materials and for measuring the performance of their subjects, and the concepts and measures provided by the theory provide a quantitative way of getting at some of these questions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing
TL;DR: The present paper shows how the extended theory can account for results of several production experiments by Loftus, Juola and Atkinson's multiple-category experiment, Conrad's sentence-verification experiments, and several categorization experiments on the effect of semantic relatedness and typicality by Holyoak and Glass, Rips, Shoben, and Smith, and Rosch.
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Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.
TL;DR: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments and demonstrated the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search.
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Toward a model of text comprehension and production.
Walter Kintsch,Teun A. van Dijk +1 more
TL;DR: The semantic structure of texts can be described both at the local microlevel and at a more global macrolevel, and a model for text comprehension based on this notion accounts for the formation of a coherent semantic text base in terms of a cyclical process constrained by limitations of working memory.