Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve.
Javier A. Bravo,Paul Forsythe,Marianne V. Chew,Emily Escaravage,Hélène M. Savignac,Timothy G. Dinan,John Bienenstock,John F. Cryan +7 more
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TLDR
Chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice, highlighting the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis.Abstract:
There is increasing, but largely indirect, evidence pointing to an effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus could have a direct effect on neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS in normal, healthy animals. GABA is the main CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter and is significantly involved in regulating many physiological and psychological processes. Alterations in central GABA receptor expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, which are highly comorbid with functional bowel disorders. In this work, we show that chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus (JB-1) induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions (cingulate and prelimbic) and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice. In addition, L. rhamnosus (JB-1) reduced GABAAα2 mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, but increased GABAAα2 in the hippocampus. Importantly, L. rhamnosus (JB-1) reduced stress-induced corticosterone and anxiety- and depression-related behavior. Moreover, the neurochemical and behavioral effects were not found in vagotomized mice, identifying the vagus as a major modulatory constitutive communication pathway between the bacteria exposed to the gut and the brain. Together, these findings highlight the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis and suggest that certain organisms may prove to be useful therapeutic adjuncts in stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression.read more
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Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 alleviates stress and anxiety in adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
H.X. Chong,Nor Azizi Yusoff,Yan-Yan Hor,Lee-Ching Lew,M.H. Jaafar,Sy Bing Choi,Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff,Normala Wahid,Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah,Norzila Zakaria,K.-L. Ong,Y.-H. Park,Min-Tze Liong +12 more
TL;DR: The results indicated that DR7 fulfil the requirement of a probiotic strain as per recommendation of FAO/WHO and could be applicable as a natural strategy to improve psychological functions, cognitive health and memory in stressed adults.
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Investigations of Bacteroides spp. towards next-generation probiotics
Tan Huizi,Qixiao Zhai,Wei Chen +2 more
TL;DR: Current investigations of discovering beneficial Bacteroides strains are summarized, exploring their interaction mechanisms with the host, and evaluating the potential safety risks during commercialization are summarized.
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Incorporating the gut microbiota into models of human and non‐human primate ecology and evolution
TL;DR: How the gut microbiota may impact primate diet, energetics, disease resistance, and cognition is examined and gut microbiota research will be an important tool for filling remaining gaps in anthropological research.
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Targeting gut microbiome: A novel and potential therapy for autism.
Yongshou Yang,Jinhu Tian,Bo Yang +2 more
TL;DR: The present review introduces the increasing evidence suggesting the reciprocal interaction network among microbiome, gut and brain and highlights the new findings of targeting gut microbiome, including probiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplant, as novel and potential therapeutics for ASD diseases.
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Microbiota and neurologic diseases: potential effects of probiotics
Giulia Umbrello,Susanna Esposito +1 more
TL;DR: The main aims of this review are to analyse the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain disorders and to evaluate the current evidence for the use of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of neurologic conditions.
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