Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve.
Javier A. Bravo,Paul Forsythe,Marianne V. Chew,Emily Escaravage,Hélène M. Savignac,Timothy G. Dinan,John Bienenstock,John F. Cryan +7 more
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TLDR
Chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice, highlighting the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis.Abstract:
There is increasing, but largely indirect, evidence pointing to an effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus could have a direct effect on neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS in normal, healthy animals. GABA is the main CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter and is significantly involved in regulating many physiological and psychological processes. Alterations in central GABA receptor expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, which are highly comorbid with functional bowel disorders. In this work, we show that chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus (JB-1) induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions (cingulate and prelimbic) and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice. In addition, L. rhamnosus (JB-1) reduced GABAAα2 mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, but increased GABAAα2 in the hippocampus. Importantly, L. rhamnosus (JB-1) reduced stress-induced corticosterone and anxiety- and depression-related behavior. Moreover, the neurochemical and behavioral effects were not found in vagotomized mice, identifying the vagus as a major modulatory constitutive communication pathway between the bacteria exposed to the gut and the brain. Together, these findings highlight the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis and suggest that certain organisms may prove to be useful therapeutic adjuncts in stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression.read more
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Spatiotemporal maps reveal regional differences in the effects on gut motility for Lactobacillus reuteri and rhamnosus strains
R. Y. Wu,Michael Pasyk,Bingxian Wang,Paul Forsythe,Paul Forsythe,John Bienenstock,John Bienenstock,Yu-Kang Mao,P. Sharma,Andrew M. Stanisz,Wolfgang Kunze,Wolfgang Kunze +11 more
TL;DR: Intraluminal pressure recordings with spatiotemporal diameter maps are combined to analyze more completely effects of different strains of beneficial bacteria on motility in intestinal migrating motor complexes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurobehavioural effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alone and in combination with prebiotics polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide in male rats exposed to early-life stress
Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld,Siobhain M. O'Mahony,Alan E. Hoban,Rosaline Waworuntu,Brian Berg,Timothy G. Dinan,John F. Cryan +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that diets containing a combination of PDX/GOS and LGG attenuates the effects of early-life MS on anxiety-like behaviour and hippocampal-dependent learning with changes to hippocampal mRNA expression of genes related to stress circuitry, anxiety and learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on academic stress-induced sleep disturbance in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
M. Takada,Kensei Nishida,Y. Gondo,Hiroko Kikuchi-Hayakawa,H. Ishikawa,Kazunori Suda,Mitsuhisa Kawai,R. Hoshi,Yuki Kuwano,K. Miyazaki,Kazuhito Rokutan +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that daily consumption of LcS may help to maintain sleep quality during a period of increasing stress, and the observed retention of N3 sleep and increased delta power in the L cS group may have contributed to higher perceived sleep satisfaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fermented foods, the gut and mental health: a mechanistic overview with implications for depression and anxiety
Hajara Aslam,Jessica Green,Felice N. Jacka,Felice N. Jacka,Fiona Collier,Fiona Collier,Michael Berk,Michael Berk,Julie A. Pasco,Samantha L. Dawson,Samantha L. Dawson +10 more
TL;DR: A critical research gap is identified for further evaluation of fermented foods in the management of depression anxiety in humans and the theoretical potential of the functional components present in fermented foods to alter gut physiology and to impact the biological mechanisms thought to underpin depression and anxiety is explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Butyric acid, a gut bacteria metabolite, lowers arterial blood pressure via colon-vagus nerve signaling and GPR41/43 receptors
Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz,Marta Gawrys-Kopczynska,Piotr Konopelski,Marta Aleksandrowicz,Aneta Sawicka,Ewa Koźniewska,Emilia Samborowska,Marcin Ufnal +7 more
TL;DR: An increase in the concentration of BA in the colon produces a significant hypotensive effect which depends on the afferent colonic vagus nerve signaling and GPR41/43 receptors, and seems to be one of mediators between gut microbiota and the circulatory system.
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