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Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve.

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TLDR
Chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice, highlighting the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis.
Abstract
There is increasing, but largely indirect, evidence pointing to an effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus could have a direct effect on neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS in normal, healthy animals. GABA is the main CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter and is significantly involved in regulating many physiological and psychological processes. Alterations in central GABA receptor expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, which are highly comorbid with functional bowel disorders. In this work, we show that chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus (JB-1) induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions (cingulate and prelimbic) and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice. In addition, L. rhamnosus (JB-1) reduced GABAAα2 mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, but increased GABAAα2 in the hippocampus. Importantly, L. rhamnosus (JB-1) reduced stress-induced corticosterone and anxiety- and depression-related behavior. Moreover, the neurochemical and behavioral effects were not found in vagotomized mice, identifying the vagus as a major modulatory constitutive communication pathway between the bacteria exposed to the gut and the brain. Together, these findings highlight the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis and suggest that certain organisms may prove to be useful therapeutic adjuncts in stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Spatiotemporal maps reveal regional differences in the effects on gut motility for Lactobacillus reuteri and rhamnosus strains

TL;DR: Intraluminal pressure recordings with spatiotemporal diameter maps are combined to analyze more completely effects of different strains of beneficial bacteria on motility in intestinal migrating motor complexes.
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Neurobehavioural effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alone and in combination with prebiotics polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide in male rats exposed to early-life stress

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that diets containing a combination of PDX/GOS and LGG attenuates the effects of early-life MS on anxiety-like behaviour and hippocampal-dependent learning with changes to hippocampal mRNA expression of genes related to stress circuitry, anxiety and learning.
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Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on academic stress-induced sleep disturbance in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

TL;DR: It is suggested that daily consumption of LcS may help to maintain sleep quality during a period of increasing stress, and the observed retention of N3 sleep and increased delta power in the L cS group may have contributed to higher perceived sleep satisfaction.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fermented foods, the gut and mental health: a mechanistic overview with implications for depression and anxiety

TL;DR: A critical research gap is identified for further evaluation of fermented foods in the management of depression anxiety in humans and the theoretical potential of the functional components present in fermented foods to alter gut physiology and to impact the biological mechanisms thought to underpin depression and anxiety is explored.
Journal ArticleDOI

Butyric acid, a gut bacteria metabolite, lowers arterial blood pressure via colon-vagus nerve signaling and GPR41/43 receptors

TL;DR: An increase in the concentration of BA in the colon produces a significant hypotensive effect which depends on the afferent colonic vagus nerve signaling and GPR41/43 receptors, and seems to be one of mediators between gut microbiota and the circulatory system.
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