Journal ArticleDOI
IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense
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TLDR
Their functional roles, through interactions with their own or other members of the family of transcription factors, are becoming clearer in the regulation of host defense, such as innate and adaptive immune responses and oncogenesis.Abstract:
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) constitute a family of transcription factors that commonly possess a novel helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. Following the initial identification of two structurally related members, IRF-1 and IRF-2, seven additional members have now been reported. In addition, virally encoded IRFs, which may interfere with cellular IRFs, have also been identified. Thus far, intensive functional analyses have been done on IRF-1, revealing a remarkable functional diversity of this transcription factor in the regulation of cellular response in host defense. Indeed, IRF-1 selectively modulates different sets of genes, depending on the cell type and/or the nature of cellular stimuli, in order to evoke appropriate responses in each. More recently, much attention has also been focused on other IRF family members. Their functional roles, through interactions with their own or other members of the family of transcription factors, are becoming clearer in the regulation of host defense, such as innate and adaptive immune responses and oncogenesis.read more
Citations
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Toll-like receptor signalling
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TL;DR: Rapid progress that has recently improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate TLR signalling is reviewed.
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Toll-like receptors.
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Interferon-γ: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions
TL;DR: The current understanding of IFN‐γ ligand, receptor, ignal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophages function during infection are reviewed.
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Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues.
Enhancing GTEx (eGTEx) groups,Nih Common Fund,Nhgri,Biospecimen Core Resource—VARI,Elsi study,Genome Browser Data Integration Visualization—EBI,Lead analysts,Alexis Battle,Christopher D. Brown,Barbara E. Engelhardt,Stephen B. Montgomery +10 more
TL;DR: It is found that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci are identified, enabling a mechanistic interpretation of gene regulation and the genetic basis of disease.
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Signatures of T cell dysfunction and exclusion predict cancer immunotherapy response
Peng Jiang,Shengqing Gu,Deng Pan,Jingxin Fu,Avinash Das Sahu,Xihao Hu,Ziyi Li,Nicole Traugh,Xia Bu,Bo Li,Bo Li,Jun Liu,Gordon J. Freeman,Myles Brown,Kai W. Wucherpfennig,X. Shirley Liu +15 more
TL;DR: An algorithm-selected gene signature focused on tumor immune evasion and suppression predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma, exceeding the accuracy of current clinical biomarkers.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins
TL;DR: A previously unrecognized direct signal transduction pathway to the nucleus has been uncovered: IFN-receptor interaction at the cell surface leads to the activation of kinases of the Jak family that phosphorylate substrate proteins called STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription).
Journal ArticleDOI
How cells respond to interferons
TL;DR: The Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription, and many of the interferon-induced proteins, play important alternative roles in cells, raising interesting questions as to how the responses to the interFERons intersect with more general aspects of cellular physiology and how the specificity of cytokine responses is maintained.
Book
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Introductory immunology textbook for medical students, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students.
Book ChapterDOI
Biology of natural killer cells.
TL;DR: The existence of NK cells has prompted a reinterpretation of both the studies of specific cytotoxicity against spontaneous human tumors and the theory of immune surveillance, at least in its most restrictive interpretation.