Journal ArticleDOI
Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review
Tami C. Bond,Robert Bergström +1 more
TLDR
The optical properties of light-absorbing, carbonaceous substance often called "soot", "black carbon", or "carbon black" have been the subject of some debate as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
The optical properties of the light-absorbing, carbonaceous substance often called “soot,” “black carbon,” or “carbon black" have been the subject of some debate. These properties are necessary to model how aerosols affect climate, and our review is targeted specifically for that application. We recommend the term light-absorbing carbon to avoid conflict with operationally based definitions. Absorptive properties depend on molecular form, particularly the size of sp 2-bonded clusters. Freshly-generated particles should be represented as aggregates, and their absorption is like that of particles small relative to the wavelength. Previous compendia have yielded a wide range of values for both refractive indices and absorption cross section. The absorptive properties of light-absorbing carbon are not as variable as is commonly believed. Our tabulation suggests a mass-normalized absorption cross section of 7.5 ± 1.2 m2/g at 550 nm for uncoated particles. We recommend a narrow range of refractive indices for s...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Tami C. Bond,Sarah J. Doherty,David W. Fahey,Piers M. Forster,Terje Koren Berntsen,Benjamin DeAngelo,Mark Flanner,Steven J. Ghan,Bernd Kärcher,Dorothy Koch,Stefan Kinne,Yutaka Kondo,Patricia K. Quinn,Marcus C. Sarofim,Martin G. Schultz,Michael Schulz,Chandra Venkataraman,Hua Zhang,Shiqiu Zhang,Nicolas Bellouin,Sarath K. Guttikunda,Philip K. Hopke,Mark Z. Jacobson,Johannes W. Kaiser,Zbigniew Klimont,Ulrike Lohmann,Joshua P. Schwarz,Drew Shindell,Trude Storelvmo,Stephen G. Warren,Charles S. Zender +30 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that brown carbon may severely bias measurements of atmospheric "black carbon" and "elemental carbon" over vast parts of the troposphere, especially those strongly polluted by biomass burning, where the mass concentration of C brown is high relative to that of soot carbon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models
S. K. Akagi,Robert J. Yokelson,Christine Wiedinmyer,Matthew J. Alvarado,Jeffrey S. Reid,Thomas Karl,John D. Crounse,Paul O. Wennberg +7 more
TL;DR: This paper presented an up-to-date, comprehensive tabulation of EF for known pyrogenic species based on measurements made in smoke that has cooled to ambient temperature, but not yet undergone significant photochemical processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow
TL;DR: In this article, a set of 23 observations from various locations, spanning nearly 4 orders of magnitude, was used to demonstrate that snow darkening is an important component of carbon aerosol climate forcing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon.
TL;DR: Understanding of the climate-related properties of atmospheric OC is still incomplete and the specific ways in which OC impacts atmospheric environment and climate forcing are just beginning to be understood.
References
More filters
Book
Principles of Optics
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.
Book
Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids
TL;DR: In this paper, E.D. Palik and R.R. Potter, Basic Parameters for Measuring Optical Properties, and W.W.Hunter, Measurement of Optical Constants in the Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectral Region.
Book
Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles
TL;DR: In this paper, a Potpourri of Particles is used to describe surface modes in small Particles and the Angular Dependence of Scattering is shown to be a function of the size of the particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light Scattering by Small Particles
H. C. Van de Hulst,V. Twersky +1 more
TL;DR: Light scattering by small particles as mentioned in this paper, Light scattering by Small Particle Scattering (LPS), Light scattering with small particles (LSC), Light Scattering by Small Parts (LSP),
Related Papers (5)
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Tami C. Bond,Sarah J. Doherty,David W. Fahey,Piers M. Forster,Terje Koren Berntsen,Benjamin DeAngelo,Mark Flanner,Steven J. Ghan,Bernd Kärcher,Dorothy Koch,Stefan Kinne,Yutaka Kondo,Patricia K. Quinn,Marcus C. Sarofim,Martin G. Schultz,Michael Schulz,Chandra Venkataraman,Hua Zhang,Shiqiu Zhang,Nicolas Bellouin,Sarath K. Guttikunda,Philip K. Hopke,Mark Z. Jacobson,Johannes W. Kaiser,Zbigniew Klimont,Ulrike Lohmann,Joshua P. Schwarz,Drew Shindell,Trude Storelvmo,Stephen G. Warren,Charles S. Zender +30 more