Low Concentrations of Bile Salts Induce Stress Responses and Reduce Motility in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14570
Simen M. Kristoffersen,Solveig Ravnum,Nicolas J. Tourasse,Ole Andreas Økstad,Anne-Brit Kolstø,William Davies +5 more
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Tolerance to bile salts was investigated in forty Bacillus cereus strains, including 17 environmental isolates, 11 dairy isolate, 3 isolates from food poisoning outbreaks, and 9 other clinical isolates as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
Tolerance to bile salts was investigated in forty Bacillus cereus strains, including 17 environmental isolates, 11 dairy isolates, 3 isolates from food poisoning outbreaks, and 9 other clinical isolates. Growth of all strains was observed at low bile salt concentrations, but no growth was observed on LB agar plates containing more than 0.005% bile salts. Preincubation of the B. cereus type strain, ATCC 14579, in low levels of bile salts did not increase tolerance levels. B. cereus ATCC 14579 was grown to mid-exponential growth phase and shifted to medium containing bile salts (0.005%). Global expression patterns were determined by hybridization of total cDNA to a 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray. A general stress response and a specific response to bile salts were observed. The general response was similar to that observed in cultures grown in the absence of bile salts but at a higher (twofold) cell density. Up-regulation of several putative multidrug exporters and transcriptional regulators and down-regulation of most motility genes were observed as part of the specific response. Motility experiments in soft agar showed that motility decreased following bile salts exposure, in accordance with the transcriptional data. Genes encoding putative virulence factors were either unaffected or down-regulated.read more
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Effect of bile salts on the DNA and membrane integrity of enteric bacteria.
TL;DR: The role of membrane transport systems, and their connection with DNA repair pathways, in conferring bile resistance to these enteric bacteria Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proteomics and Transcriptomics Characterization of Bile Stress Response in Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Kerttu Koskenniemi,Kati Laakso,Johanna Koponen,Matti Kankainen,Dario Greco,Petri Auvinen,Kirsi Savijoki,Tuula A. Nyman,Anu Surakka,Tuomas Salusjärvi,Willem M. de Vos,Soile Tynkkynen,Nisse Kalkkinen,Pekka Varmanen +13 more
TL;DR: Investigation of the cellular response of strain GG toward bile under defined bioreactor conditions revealed significant reduction in the abundance of a protein catalyzing the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, whereas a protein dedicated for active removal of bile compounds from the cells was up-regulated, suggesting a role for these proteins in facilitating the well founded interaction of strainGG with the host mucus in the presence of sublethal doses of biles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance: anti-plasmid and plasmid curing
TL;DR: A review of plasmid curing mechanisms which are not suitable for in vivo use could still prove important for reducing the global burden of AMR, as high levels of ARGs exist in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mildly and Severely Salt-Stressed Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 Cells
TL;DR: In this study, exponentially growing cells of the pathogen Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 were exposed to both mild and severe salt stress conditions, and a temporal shift between the transcriptome response and several phenotypic responses of severely salt-stressed cells was observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global regulator CodY regulates toxin gene expression in Bacillus anthracis and is required for full virulence.
Willem van Schaik,Alice Château,Marie-Agnès Dillies,Jean-Yves Coppée,Abraham L. Sonenshein,Agnès Fouet +5 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that CodY controls toxin gene expression by regulating AtxA accumulation posttranslationally, indicating that the activity of CodY is required for full virulence of B. anthracis.
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