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Journal ArticleDOI

Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature.

Xu-dong Wang, +2 more
- 09 Sep 2013 - 
- Vol. 42, Iss: 19, pp 7834-7869
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TLDR
This Review article focuses on all kinds of luminescent probes and sensors for measurement of T, and summarizes the recent progress in their design and application formats.
Abstract
Temperature (T) is probably the most fundamental parameter in all kinds of science. Respective sensors are widely used in daily life. Besides conventional thermometers, optical sensors are considered to be attractive alternatives for sensing and on-line monitoring of T. This Review article focuses on all kinds of luminescent probes and sensors for measurement of T, and summarizes the recent progress in their design and application formats. The introduction covers the importance of optical probes for T, the origin of their T-dependent spectra, and the various detection modes. This is followed by a survey on (a) molecular probes, (b) nanomaterials, and (c) bulk materials for sensing T. This section will be completed by a discussion of (d) polymeric matrices for immobilizing T-sensitive probes and (e) an overview of the various application formats of T-sensors. The review ends with a discussion on the prospects, challenges, and new directions in the design of optical T-sensitive probes and sensors.

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Upconversion and Anti-Stokes Processes with f and d Ions in Solids

TL;DR: Before the 1960s, all anti-Stokes emissions, which were known to exist, involved emission energies in excess of excitation energies by only a few kT and were linked to thermal population of energy states above excitation states by such an energy amount.
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Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors

TL;DR: Among the various fiber-optic sensor technologies, especially, technologies such as fiber grating sensors, fiber- Optic gyroscopes, and fiber-Optic current sensors are discussed with emphasis on the principles and current status.
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