Journal ArticleDOI
Mammalian neural stem cells.
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TLDR
Before the full potential of neural stem cells can be realized, the authors need to learn what controls their proliferation, as well as the various pathways of differentiation available to their daughter cells.Abstract:
Neural stem cells exist not only in the developing mammalian nervous system but also in the adult nervous system of all mammalian organisms, including humans. Neural stem cells can also be derived from more primitive embryonic stem cells. The location of the adult stem cells and the brain regions to which their progeny migrate in order to differentiate remain unresolved, although the number of viable locations is limited in the adult. The mechanisms that regulate endogenous stem cells are poorly understood. Potential uses of stem cells in repair include transplantation to repair missing cells and the activation of endogenous cells to provide "self-repair. " Before the full potential of neural stem cells can be realized, we need to learn what controls their proliferation, as well as the various pathways of differentiation available to their daughter cells.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow
Yuehua Jiang,Balkrishna N. Jahagirdar,R. Lee Reinhardt,Robert E. Schwartz,C. Dirk Keene,Xilma R. Ortiz-Gonzalez,Morayma Reyes,Todd Lenvik,Troy C. Lund,Mark Blackstad,Jingbo Du,Sara Aldrich,Aaron Lisberg,Walter C. Low,David A. Largaespada,Catherine M. Verfaillie +15 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that cells co-purifying with mesenchymal stem cells—termed here multipotent adult progenitor cells or MAPCs—differentiate, at the single cell level, not only into meschymal cells, but also cells with visceral mesoderm, neuroectoderm and endoderm characteristics in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adult Cardiac Stem Cells Are Multipotent and Support Myocardial Regeneration
Antonio Paolo Beltrami,Laura Barlucchi,Daniele Torella,Mathue Baker,Federica Limana,Stefano Chimenti,Hideko Kasahara,Marcello Rota,Ezio Musso,Konrad Urbanek,Annarosa Leri,Jan Kajstura,Bernardo Nadal-Ginard,Piero Anversa +13 more
TL;DR: The existence of Lin(-) c-kit(POS) cells with the properties of cardiac stem cells, which are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent, giving rise to myocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells are reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders.
TL;DR: Analysis of preclinical cellular and behavioral models of depression and antidepressant actions, as well as clinical neuroimaging and postmortem studies, are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased expression of BDNF and possibly other growth factors contributes to depression and that upregulation ofBDNF plays a role in the actions of antidepressant treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis.
TL;DR: The factors that regulate proliferation and fate determination of adult neural stem cells are discussed and the potential significance of adult neurogenesis in memory, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke
TL;DR: It is shown that stroke, caused by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, leads to a marked increase of cell proliferation in the subventricular zone, and stroke induces differentiation of new neurons into the phenotype of most of the neurons destroyed by the ischemic lesion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts
James A. Thomson,Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor,Sander S. Shapiro,Michelle A. Waknitz,Swiergiel Jennifer J,Vivienne S. Marshall,Jeffrey M. Jones +6 more
TL;DR: Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus
Peter S. Eriksson,Ekaterina Perfilieva,Thomas Björk-Eriksson,Ann Marie Alborn,Claes Nordborg,Daniel A. Peterson,Fred H. Gage +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans, indicating that the human hippocampus retains its ability to generate neurons throughout life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system
Brent A. Reynolds,Samuel Weiss +1 more
TL;DR: Cells of the adult mouse striatum have the capacity to divide and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subventricular Zone Astrocytes Are Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain
Fiona Doetsch,Isabelle Caillé,Daniel A. Lim,José Manuel García-Verdugo,Arturo Alvarez-Buylla +4 more
TL;DR: It is shown that SVZ astrocytes act as neural stem cells in both the normal and regenerating brain and give rise to cells that grow into multipotent neurospheres in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that voluntary exercise is sufficient for enhanced neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus, in amounts similar to enrichment conditions.
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