Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function.
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TLDR
The molecular and functional diversity of the glutamate receptors is reviewed and their implications for integrative brain function are discussed.Abstract:
The glutamate receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and are important in memory acquisition, learning, and some neurodegenerative disorders. This receptor family is classified in three groups: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-kainate, and metabotropic receptors. Recent molecular studies have shown that many receptor subtypes exist in all three groups of the receptors and exhibit heterogeneity in function and expression patterns. This article reviews the molecular and functional diversity of the glutamate receptors and discusses their implications for integrative brain function.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Agonist-induced Isomerization in a Glutamate Receptor Ligand-binding Domain A KINETIC AND MUTAGENETIC ANALYSIS
TL;DR: It is argued that smaller, localized conformational rearrangements allow agonists to bridge the cleft, consistent with published hydrodynamic measurements.
Journal Article
Pharmacological characterization of metabotropic glutamate receptors in several types of brain cells in primary cultures.
TL;DR: The data show that mGLUR2- and mGluR3-like receptors can directly inhibit AC in neurons, and they raise the question of whether mgluR4 is really negatively coupled to AC in its normal environment, and there is evidence for a new mGLuR subtype expressed in glial cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal and Glial Localization of NR1 and NR2A/B Subunits of the NMDA Receptor in the Human Cerebral Cortex
TL;DR: Findings suggest that the effects of cortical NMDA activation in the human cortex do not depend exclusively on the opening of NMDA channels located at postsynaptic sites, and that the localization ofNMDA receptors is similar in a variety of mammalian species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Biology and Ontogeny of Glutamate Receptors in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
TL;DR: This review summarizes the relevant molecular biology and ontogeny of glutamate receptors in the central nervous system and highlights some of the roles that they can play during brain development and in certain disease states.
Book ChapterDOI
Glutamate toxicity in chronic neurodegenerative disease.
E Lancelot,M F Beal +1 more
TL;DR: Experimental data suggest that blockade of excitotoxicity may prolong the life span of cells undergoing energy failure, which may occur in several neurodegenerative diseases.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heteromeric NMDA receptors: Molecular and functional distinction of subtypes
Hannah Monyer,Rolf Sprengel,Ralf Schoepfer,Anne Herb,Miyoko Higuchi,Hilda Lomelí,Nail Burnashev,Bert Sakmann,Peter H. Seeburg +8 more
TL;DR: Molecular cloning identified three complementary DNA species of rat brain, encoding NMDA receptor subunits NMDAR2A (NR2A), NR2B, and NR2C, which are 55 to 70% ientical in sequence, and these are structurally related, with less than 20% sequence identity, to other excitatory amino acid receptor sub Units.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors: Their Classes, Pharmacology, and Distinct Properties in the Function of the Central Nervous System
TL;DR: 'The following abbreviations have been used in the text'; I3-N-uxalyl-L-a,l3diaminu-prupiunic acid; ACPD, Trans-l-aminu-cydupentyl-I,3-dicarbuxylate; AMPA, a aminU-3-hydruxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate; AP4, 2-
Journal ArticleDOI
Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease
Brian S. Meldrum,John Garthwaite +1 more
TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro studies of the cytotoxicity of amino acids are reviewed and the contribution of such toxicity to acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat NMDA receptor
Koki Moriyoshi,Masayuki Masu,Takahiro Ishii,Ryuichi Shigemoto,Noboru Mizuno,Shigetada Nakanishi +5 more
TL;DR: A complementary DNA encoding the rat NMDA receptor has been cloned and characterized and it has been found that this protein has a significant sequence similarity to the AMPA/kainate receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ca2+ permeability of KA-AMPA--gated glutamate receptor channels depends on subunit composition
TL;DR: In neurons expressing certain KA-AMPA receptor subunits, glutamate may trigger calcium-dependent intracellular events by activating non-NMDA receptors.