Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function.
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TLDR
The molecular and functional diversity of the glutamate receptors is reviewed and their implications for integrative brain function are discussed.Abstract:
The glutamate receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and are important in memory acquisition, learning, and some neurodegenerative disorders. This receptor family is classified in three groups: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-kainate, and metabotropic receptors. Recent molecular studies have shown that many receptor subtypes exist in all three groups of the receptors and exhibit heterogeneity in function and expression patterns. This article reviews the molecular and functional diversity of the glutamate receptors and discusses their implications for integrative brain function.read more
Citations
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Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 3-[(18)F]fluoro-5-(2-pyridinylethynyl)benzonitrile as a PET radiotracer for imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5
TL;DR: The synthesis of 3‐[ 18F]fluoro‐5‐(2‐pyridinylethynyl)benzonitrile ([18F]FPEB) through a convenient thermal reaction as a highly specific PET radiotracer for mGluR5 is reported, which possesses the potential to be used in human studies to evaluate mGLUR5 functions in various neurological disorders.
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Cloning and characterization of a calcium-sensing receptor from the hypercalcemic New Zealand white rabbit reveals unaltered responsiveness to extracellular calcium.
Robert Butters,Naibedya Chattopadhyay,P. K. Nielsen,Craig P. Smith,Ambrish Mithal,Olga Kifor,Mei Bai,Steven Quinn,Paul K. Goldsmith,Shmuel Hurwitz,Karen Krapcho,James Busby,Edward M. Brown +12 more
TL;DR: The intrinsic functional properties of the rabbit CaR cannot explain the hypercalcemia observed in vivo in the New Zealand white rabbit, at least as assessed by its ability to increase Ca i2+ when expressed in HEK293 cells.
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Equilin, a principal component of the estrogen replacement therapy premarin, increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism.
TL;DR: This investigation demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol and the estrogenic steroids estrone, estriol, mestranol, and equilin induced significant increases in cortical nerve cell growth, and pursued the mechanism of Equilin-induced neurotrophism and found that the growth-promoting effects ofEquilin were completely abolished in the presence of the glutamatergic NMDAreceptor antagonist AP5.
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Endogenous activation of group-I metabotropic glutamate receptors is required for differentiation and survival of cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Maria Vincenza Catania,Maria Bellomo,V. Di Giorgi-Gerevini,Giovanna Seminara,Rosario Giuffrida,R. Romeo,A De Blasi,Ferdinando Nicoletti +7 more
TL;DR: These results provide the first evidence that the development of cerebellar neurons is under the control of mGlu1 andmGlu5 receptors, i.e., the two mGLU receptor subtypes coupled to polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis.
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Blood Glutamate Scavenging: Insight into Neuroprotection
TL;DR: This review focuses on the physiological, mechanistic and clinical roles of blood glutamate scavenging, particularly in the context of acute and chronic CNS injury, and proposes different applied methodologies to reduce blood and brain glutamate concentrations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heteromeric NMDA receptors: Molecular and functional distinction of subtypes
Hannah Monyer,Rolf Sprengel,Ralf Schoepfer,Anne Herb,Miyoko Higuchi,Hilda Lomelí,Nail Burnashev,Bert Sakmann,Peter H. Seeburg +8 more
TL;DR: Molecular cloning identified three complementary DNA species of rat brain, encoding NMDA receptor subunits NMDAR2A (NR2A), NR2B, and NR2C, which are 55 to 70% ientical in sequence, and these are structurally related, with less than 20% sequence identity, to other excitatory amino acid receptor sub Units.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors: Their Classes, Pharmacology, and Distinct Properties in the Function of the Central Nervous System
TL;DR: 'The following abbreviations have been used in the text'; I3-N-uxalyl-L-a,l3diaminu-prupiunic acid; ACPD, Trans-l-aminu-cydupentyl-I,3-dicarbuxylate; AMPA, a aminU-3-hydruxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate; AP4, 2-
Journal ArticleDOI
Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease
Brian S. Meldrum,John Garthwaite +1 more
TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro studies of the cytotoxicity of amino acids are reviewed and the contribution of such toxicity to acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat NMDA receptor
Koki Moriyoshi,Masayuki Masu,Takahiro Ishii,Ryuichi Shigemoto,Noboru Mizuno,Shigetada Nakanishi +5 more
TL;DR: A complementary DNA encoding the rat NMDA receptor has been cloned and characterized and it has been found that this protein has a significant sequence similarity to the AMPA/kainate receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ca2+ permeability of KA-AMPA--gated glutamate receptor channels depends on subunit composition
TL;DR: In neurons expressing certain KA-AMPA receptor subunits, glutamate may trigger calcium-dependent intracellular events by activating non-NMDA receptors.