More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas.
Caspar A. Hallmann,Martin Sorg,Eelke Jongejans,Henk Siepel,Nick Hofland,Heinz Schwan,Werner Stenmans,Andreas Müller,Hubert Sumser,Thomas Hörren,Dave Goulson,Hans de Kroon +11 more
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This analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study, and shows that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline.Abstract:
Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and to jeopardize ecosystem services. Our understanding of the extent and underlying causes of this decline is based on the abundance of single species or taxonomic groups only, rather than changes in insect biomass which is more relevant for ecological functioning. Here, we used a standardized protocol to measure total insect biomass using Malaise traps, deployed over 27 years in 63 nature protection areas in Germany (96 unique location-year combinations) to infer on the status and trend of local entomofauna. Our analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study. We show that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline. This yet unrecognized loss of insect biomass must be taken into account in evaluating declines in abundance of species depending on insects as a food source, and ecosystem functioning in the European landscape.read more
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The Sixth Mass Extinction: fact, fiction or speculation?
TL;DR: Differences in extinction rates are reviewed according to realms: marine species face significant threats but, although previous mass extinctions were largely defined by marine invertebrates, there is no evidence that the marine biota has reached the same crisis as the non-marine biota, and island species have suffered far greater rates than continental ones.
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Deep learning and computer vision will transform entomology.
Toke T. Høye,Johanna Ärje,Kim Bjerge,Oskar Liset Pryds Hansen,Oskar Liset Pryds Hansen,Alexandros Iosifidis,Florian Leese,Hjalte M. R. Mann,Kristian Meissner,Claus Melvad,Jenni Raitoharju +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors connect recent developments in deep learning and computer vision to the urgent demand for more cost-efficient monitoring of insects and other invertebrates and discuss the challenges that lie ahead for the implementation of such solutions in entomology.
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The essential role of other effective area-based conservation measures in achieving big bold conservation targets
Nigel Dudley,Holly Jonas,Fred Nelson,Jeffrey Parrish,Aili Pyhälä,Sue Stolton,James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson +7 more
TL;DR: Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs. as discussed by the authors have been proposed as a way to support the conservation of areas that deliver conservation outcomes outside the protected area estate.
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Environmental DNA Time Series in Ecology.
Miklós Bálint,Markus Pfenninger,Hans-Peter Grossart,Hans-Peter Grossart,Pierre Taberlet,Mark Vellend,Mathew A. Leibold,Göran Englund,Diana E. Bowler +8 more
TL;DR: How environmental DNA (eDNA) is starting to provide a powerful new source of temporal data for research questions that have so far been overlooked, by helping to resolve the ecological dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems over hundreds to thousands of years is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems
Joseph M. Craine,Andrew J. Elmore,Lixin Wang,Julieta N. Aranibar,Marijn Bauters,Pascal Boeckx,Brooke E. Crowley,Melissa A. Dawes,Sylvain Delzon,Alex Fajardo,Yunting Fang,Lei Fujiyoshi,Alan Gray,Rossella Guerrieri,Michael J. Gundale,David J. Hawke,Peter Hietz,Mathieu Jonard,Elizabeth Kearsley,Tanaka Kenzo,Mikhail I. Makarov,Sara Marañón-Jiménez,Sara Marañón-Jiménez,Terrence P. McGlynn,Terrence P. McGlynn,Brenden E. McNeil,Stella G. Mosher,David M. Nelson,Pablo Luis Peri,Jean Christophe Roggy,Rebecca Sanders-DeMott,Rebecca Sanders-DeMott,Minghua Song,Paul Szpak,Pamela H. Templer,Dewidine Van der Colff,Christiane Werner,Xingliang Xu,Yang Yang,Guirui Yu,Katarzyna Zmudczyńska-Skarbek +40 more
TL;DR: Foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations and isotope ratios obtained from >43,000 samples acquired over 37 years suggest global declines in N supply relative to plant demand, consistent with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide.
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