MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder An international update
Ho Jin Kim,Friedemann Paul,Marco Aurélio Lana-Peixoto,Silvia Tenembaum,Nasrin Asgari,Jacqueline Palace,Eric C. Klawiter,Douglas Kazutoshi Sato,Jérôme De Seze,Jens Wuerfel,Brenda Banwell,Pablo Villoslada,Albert Saiz,Kazuo Fujihara,Su-Hyun Kim +14 more
TLDR
MRI findings of neuromyelitis optica and its spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are reviewed, finding brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord MRI findings of NMOSD to be of increased interest.Abstract:
Since its initial reports in the 19th century, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) had been thought to involve only the optic nerves and spinal cord. However, the discovery of highly specific anti-aquaporin-4 antibody diagnostic biomarker for NMO enabled recognition of more diverse clinical spectrum of manifestations. Brain MRI abnormalities in patients seropositive for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody are common and some may be relatively unique by virtue of localization and configuration. Some seropositive patients present with brain involvement during their first attack and/or continue to relapse in the same location without optic nerve and spinal cord involvement. Thus, characteristics of brain abnormalities in such patients have become of increased interest. In this regard, MRI has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of NMO and its spectrum disorder (NMOSD), particularly from multiple sclerosis. Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because early initiation of effective immunosuppressive therapy is the key to preventing attack-related disability in NMOSD, whereas some disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis may exacerbate the disease. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of NMOSD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord MRI findings of NMOSD.read more
Citations
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MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 2: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory features, treatment responses, and long-term outcome
Sven Jarius,Klemens Ruprecht,Ingo Kleiter,Nadja Borisow,Nasrin Asgari,Kalliopi Pitarokoili,Florence Pache,Oliver Stich,Lena-Alexandra Beume,Martin W. Hümmert,Marius Ringelstein,Corinna Trebst,Alexander Winkelmann,Alexander Schwarz,Mathias Buttmann,Hanna Zimmermann,Joseph Kuchling,Diego Franciotta,Marco Capobianco,Eberhard Siebert,Carsten Lukas,Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke,Jürgen Haas,Kai Fechner,Alexander U. Brandt,Kathrin Schanda,Orhan Aktas,Friedemann Paul,Markus Reindl,Brigitte Wildemann +29 more
TL;DR: The predominantly relapsing and often severe disease course and the short median time to second attack support the use of prophylactic long-term treatments in patients with MOG-IgG-positive ON and/or myelitis; however, treatment failure leading to rapid accumulation of disability was noted in many patients as well as flare-ups after steroid withdrawal.
Journal ArticleDOI
MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines.
Massimo Filippi,Maria A. Rocca,Olga Ciccarelli,Olga Ciccarelli,Nicola De Stefano,Nikos Evangelou,Ludwig Kappos,Alex Rovira,Jaume Sastre-Garriga,Mar Tintoré,Jette L. Frederiksen,Claudio Gasperini,Jacqueline Palace,Daniel S. Reich,Brenda Banwell,Xavier Montalban,Frederik Barkhof +16 more
TL;DR: State-of-the-art MRI findings in patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome were discussed in a MAGNIMS workshop, the goal of which was to provide an evidence-based and expert-opinion consensus on diagnostic MRI criteria modifications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges
TL;DR: The progress and challenges in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with reference to diagnostic criteria, important differential diagnoses, controversies and uncertainties, and future prospects are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines
Massimo Filippi,Paolo Preziosa,Brenda Banwell,Frederik Barkhof,Frederik Barkhof,Olga Ciccarelli,Olga Ciccarelli,Nicola De Stefano,Jeroen J. G. Geurts,Friedemann Paul,Daniel S. Reich,Ahmed T. Toosy,Anthony Traboulsee,Mike P. Wattjes,Tarek A. Yousry,Achim Gass,Catherine Lubetzki,Brian G. Weinshenker,Maria A. Rocca +18 more
TL;DR: A practical guide to the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions is provided, including a thorough description and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a discussion of red flags suggestive of alternative diagnoses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuromyelitis Spectrum Disorders
TL;DR: Current understanding of the clinical aspects, pathophysiology, and treatment of NMOSD is reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica : distinction from multiple sclerosis
Vanda A. Lennon,Dean M. Wingerchuk,Thomas J. Kryzer,Sean J. Pittock,C. F. Lucchinetti,Kazuo Fujihara,Ichiro Nakashima,Brian G. Weinshenker +7 more
TL;DR: NMO-IgG is a specific marker autoantibody of neuromyelitis optica and binds at or near the blood-brain barrier that distinguishes neuromyleitis opticas from multiple sclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica
TL;DR: Revised diagnostic criteria for definite neuromyelitis optica (NMO) that require optic neuritis, myelitis, and at least two of three supportive criteria: MRI evidence of a contiguous spinal cord lesion 3 or more segments in length, onset brain MRI nondiagnostic for multiple sclerosis, or NMO-IgG seropositivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica
Dean M. Wingerchuk,Vanda A. Lennon,Claudia F. Lucchinetti,Sean J. Pittock,Brian G. Weinshenker +4 more
TL;DR: Data suggest that autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 derived from peripheral B cells cause the activation of complement, inflammatory demyelination, and necrosis that is seen in neuromyelitis optica.
Journal ArticleDOI
The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome)
TL;DR: Clinical, laboratory, and imaging features generally distinguish neuromyelitis optica from MS, and patients with relapsing optic neuritis and myelitis may have neuromyeliitis opticas rather than MS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders
Douglas Kazutoshi Sato,Dagoberto Callegaro,Marco Aurélio Lana-Peixoto,Patrick Waters,Frederico Jorge,Toshiyuki Takahashi,Ichiro Nakashima,Samira Luisa Apostolos-Pereira,Natalia Talim,Renata Simm,Angelina Maria Martins Lino,Tatsuro Misu,Maria Isabel Leite,Masashi Aoki,Kazuo Fujihara +14 more
TL;DR: Patients with NMOSD with MOG antibodies have distinct clinical features, fewer attacks, and better recovery than patients with AQP4 antibodies or patients seronegative for both antibodies.
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