Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: current evidence and future directions.
Carsten Tschöpe,Enrico Ammirati,Biykem Bozkurt,Biykem Bozkurt,Alida L.P. Caforio,Leslie T. Cooper,Stephan B. Felix,Joshua M. Hare,Bettina Heidecker,Stephane Heymans,Stephane Heymans,Norbert Hubner,Sebastian Kelle,Karin Klingel,Henrike Maatz,Abdul Shokor Parwani,Frank Spillmann,Randall C. Starling,Hiroyuki Tsutsui,Petar M. Seferovic,Sophie Van Linthout +20 more
TLDR
Improved standardization of available invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tools and a consensus on their specific use are needed to allow specific diagnosis and stratification of patient cohorts for the implementation of aetiology-based therapies.Abstract:
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium and a high risk of deteriorating cardiac function, has a heterogeneous aetiology. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is predominantly mediated by viral infection, but can also be induced by bacterial, protozoal or fungal infections as well as a wide variety of toxic substances and drugs and systemic immune-mediated diseases. Despite extensive research, inflammatory cardiomyopathy complicated by left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure or arrhythmia is associated with a poor prognosis. At present, the reason why some patients recover without residual myocardial injury whereas others develop dilated cardiomyopathy is unclear. The relative roles of the pathogen, host genomics and environmental factors in disease progression and healing are still under discussion, including which viruses are active inducers and which are only bystanders. As a consequence, treatment strategies are not well established. In this Review, we summarize and evaluate the available evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with a special focus on virus-induced and virus-associated myocarditis. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps, appraise the available experimental models and propose future directions for the field. The current knowledge and open questions regarding the cardiovascular effects associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are also discussed. This Review is the result of scientific cooperation of members of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC, the Heart Failure Society of America and the Japanese Heart Failure Society.read more
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Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study
Fei Zhou,Ting Yu,Ronghui Du,Guohui Fan,Ying Liu,Zhibo Liu,Jie Xiang,Yeming Wang,Bin Song,Xiaoying Gu,Xiaoying Gu,Lulu Guan,Yuan Wei,Li Hui,Xudong Wu,Jiuyang Xu,Shengjin Tu,Yi Zhang,Hua Chen,Bin Cao +19 more
TL;DR: Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
Journal ArticleDOI
2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.
Theresa McDonagh,Marco Metra,Marianna Adamo,Roy S. Gardner,Andreas Baumbach,Michael Böhm,Haran Burri,Javed Butler,Jelena Čelutkienė,Ovidiu Chioncel,John G F Cleland,A J S Coats,Maria G Crespo-Leiro,Dimitrios Farmakis,Martine Gilard,Stephane Heymans,Arno W. Hoes,Tiny Jaarsma,Ewa A. Jankowska,Mitja Lainscak,Carolyn S.P. Lam,Alexander R. Lyon,John J.V. McMurray,Alexandre Mebazaa,Richard Mindham,Claudio Muneretto,Massimo F Piepoli,Susanna Price,Giuseppe M.C. Rosano,Frank Ruschitzka,Anne Kathrine Skibelund +30 more
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