Naturally Occurring Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Their Potential Use for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.
Thaiane Coelho dos Santos,Thais Mota Gomes,Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto,Adriana Leandro Camara,Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes +4 more
TLDR
This mini-review aimed to recapitulate last decade studies on the anti-AChE activity of plant species, their respective extracts, as well as isolated compounds to help researchers out with the bioprospection of potentially new AChEi drugs.Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a main cause of dementia, accounting for up to 75% of all dementia cases. Pathophysiological processes described for AD progression involve neurons and synapses degeneration, mainly characterized by cholinergic impairment. This feature makes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi) the main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD dementia phase, among which galantamine is the only naturally occurring substance. However, several plant species producing diverse classes of alkaloids, coumarins, terpenes, and polyphenols have been assessed for their anti-AChE activity, becoming potential candidates for new anti-AD drugs. Therefore, this mini-review aimed to recapitulate last decade studies on the anti-AChE activity of plant species, their respective extracts, as well as isolated compounds. The anti-AChE activity of extracts prepared from 54 plant species pertaining 29 families, as well as 36 isolated compounds were classified and discussed according to their anti-AChE pharmacological potency to highlight the most prominent ones. Besides, relevant limitations, such as proper antioxidant assessment, and scarcity of toxicological and clinical studies were also discussed in order to help researchers out with the bioprospection of potentially new AChEi.read more
Citations
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Impact of Natural Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Preclinical to Pharmacotherapeutics.
Mehdi Sharifi-Rad,Chintha Lankatillake,Daniel A. Dias,Anca Oana Docea,Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally,Devina Lobine,Paul L. Chazot,Begum Kurt,Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer,Ana Moreira,Farukh Sharopov,Miquel Martorell,Natália Martins,William C. Cho,Daniela Calina,Javad Sharifi-Rad +15 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of action of some of the major herbal products with potential in the treatment of NDDs are reviewed according to their molecular targets, as well as their regional sources (Asia, America and Africa).
Journal ArticleDOI
Features and outcomes of drugs for combination therapy as multi-targets strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant products, and synthetic drugs investigated in various preclinical and clinical tests in AD, and discusses current attempts to formulate a comprehensive CDMT strategy to counter complex pathogenesis in AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Icariin and Its Metabolites as Potential Protective Phytochemicals Against Alzheimer's Disease.
TL;DR: This mini-review discusses the multiple potential mechanisms of action of icariin on the pathobiology of AD including explanation regarding its bioavailability, metabolism and pharmacokinetic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by sargachromanol I from Sargassum siliquastrum and by selected natural compounds
Jae Pil Lee,Myung-Gyun Kang,Joon Yeop Lee,Jong Min Oh,Seung Cheol Baek,Hyun Hee Leem,Daeui Park,MyoungLae Cho,Hoon Kim +8 more
TL;DR: SCI, SCG, DB, and ML are suggested to be viewed as new reversible AChE inhibitors and useful lead compounds for the development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents) as weapons of mass destruction: History, mechanisms of action, and medical countermeasures.
Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska,James P. Apland,Taiza H. Figueiredo,Marcio de Araujo Furtado,Maria F. M. Braga +4 more
TL;DR: Treatment with diazepam or midazolam for the cessation of nerve agent-induced status epilepticus cannot protect against brain damage, and, therefore, these benzodiazepines should be replaced by novel anticonvulsants and neuroprotectants.
References
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Acetylcholinesterase: From 3D structure to function
TL;DR: The crystal structure of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase in its apo-state is similar in its overall features to that of the Torpedo enzyme; however, the unique crystal packing reveals a novel peptide sequence which blocks access to the active-site gorge.