Novel Member of the CD209 (DC-SIGN) Gene Family in Primates
Arman Bashirova,Li Wu,Jie Cheng,Thomas D. Martin,Maureen P. Martin,Raoul E. Benveniste,Jeffrey D. Lifson,Vineet N. KewalRamani,Austin L. Hughes,Mary Carrington +9 more
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TLDR
The data suggest that the CD209 gene family has undergone recent evolutionary processes involving duplications and deletions, the latter of which may be tolerated because of potentially redundant functional activities of the molecules encoded by these genes.Abstract:
Two CD209 family genes identified in humans, CD209 (DC-SIGN) and CD209L (DC-SIGNR/L-SIGN), encode C-type lectins that serve as adhesion receptors for ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 and participate in the transmission of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) to target cells in vitro. Here we characterize the CD209 gene family in nonhuman primates and show that recent evolutionary alterations have occurred in this family across primate species. All of the primate species tested, specifically, Old World monkeys (OWM) and apes, have orthologues of human CD209. In contrast, CD209L is missing in OWM but present in apes. A third family member, that we have named CD209L2, was cloned from rhesus monkey cDNA and subsequently identified in OWM and apes but not in humans. Rhesus CD209L2 mRNA was prominently expressed in the liver and axillary lymph nodes, although preliminary data suggest that levels of expression may vary among individuals. Despite a high level of sequence similarity to both human and rhesus CD209, rhesus CD209L2 was substantially less effective at binding ICAM-3 and poorly transmitted HIV type 1 and SIV to target cells relative to CD209. Our data suggest that the CD209 gene family has undergone recent evolutionary processes involving duplications and deletions, the latter of which may be tolerated because of potentially redundant functional activities of the molecules encoded by these genes.read more
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The C-type lectin-like domain superfamily
Alex N. Zelensky,Jill E. Gready +1 more
TL;DR: The superfamily of proteins containing C‐type lectin‐like domains (CTLDs) is a large group of extracellular Metazoan proteins with diverse functions that have evolved to specifically recognize protein, lipid and inorganic ligands, including the vertebrate clade‐specific snake venoms, and fish antifreeze and bird egg‐shell proteins.
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Raji B cells, misidentified as THP-1 cells, stimulate DC-SIGN-mediated HIV transmission.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that true THP-1 cells do not support DC-SIGN-mediated HIV-1 transmission, whereas human B cell lines efficiently enhance this process, indicating that there are features common to B cells and DCs that facilitate transmission of HIV- 1.
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DC-SIGN and immunoregulation.
TL;DR: In this article, the C-type lectin superfamily of Dendritic cells (DCs) has been shown to play an important role in mediating DC adhesion, migration, inflammation, activating primary T cell, triggering immune response and participating in immune escape of pathogens and tumors.
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DC-SIGN and L-SIGN: the SIGNs for infection
TL;DR: Findings support the tandem-neck-repeat region of L-SIGN as an excellent candidate acting as a functional target for selective pressures exerted by pathogens.
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A murine DC-SIGN homologue contributes to early host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Antoine Tanne,Bo Ma,Frédéric Boudou,Ludovic Tailleux,Hélène Botella,Edgar Badell,Florence Levillain,Maureen E. Taylor,Kurt Drickamer,Jérôme Nigou,Karen M. Dobos,Germain Puzo,Dietmar Vestweber,Martin K. Wild,Marie Marcinko,Peter Sobieszczuk,Lauren Stewart,Daniel Lebus,Brigitte Gicquel,Olivier Neyrolles,Olivier Neyrolles +20 more
TL;DR: The mouse DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3 makes a unique contribution to protection of the host against a pulmonary bacterial pathogen.
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