Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child
TLDR
Increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction in obese women.Abstract:
Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. Obesity causes problems with infertility, and in early gestation it causes spontaneous pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies. Metabolically, obese women have increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically in late gestation as glucose intolerance and fetal overgrowth. At term, the risk of cesarean delivery and wound complications is increased. Postpartum, obese women have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, depression, and difficulty with breast feeding. Because 50-60% of overweight or obese women gain more than recommended by Institute of Medicine gestational weight guidelines, postpartum weight retention increases future cardiometabolic risks and prepregnancy obesity in subsequent pregnancies. Neonates of obese women have increased body fat at birth, which increases the risk of childhood obesity. Although there is no unifying mechanism responsible for the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity, on the basis of the available data, increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction. We will review the pathophysiology underlying these data and try to shed light on the specific underlying mechanisms.read more
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Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: An individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts
Susana Santos,Ellis Voerman,Pilar Amiano,Henrique Barros,Lawrence J. Beilin,Anna Bergström,Marie-Aline Charles,Leda Chatzi,Cécile Chevrier,George P. Chrousos,Eva Corpeleijn,Olga Costa,Nathalie Costet,Sarah Crozier,Graham Devereux,Myriam Doyon,Merete Eggesbø,Maria Pia Fantini,Sara Farchi,Francesco Forastiere,Vagelis Georgiu,Keith M. Godfrey,Davide Gori,Veit Grote,Wojciech Hanke,Irva Hertz-Picciotto,Barbara Heude,Marie-France Hivert,Daniel O. Hryhorczuk,Rae-Chi Huang,Hazel Inskip,Anne M. Karvonen,Louise C. Kenny,Berthold Koletzko,Leanne K. Küpers,Hanna Lagström,Irina Lehmann,Per Magnus,Renata Majewska,Johanna Mäkelä,Yannis Manios,Fionnuala M. McAuliffe,Sheila McDonald,John Mehegan,Erik Melén,Monique Mommers,Camilla Schmidt Morgen,George Moschonis,Deirdre M. Murray,Carol Ní Chaoimh,Ellen A. Nohr,Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen,Emily Oken,Adriëtte J J M Oostvogels,Agnieszka Pac,Eleni Papadopoulou,Juha Pekkanen,Costanza Pizzi,Kinga Polańska,Daniela Porta,Lorenzo Richiardi,Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman,Nel Roeleveld,Luca Ronfani,Ana Cristina Santos,Marie Standl,Hein Stigum,Camilla Stoltenberg,Elisabeth Thiering,Carel Thijs,Maties Torrent,Suzanne Tough,Tomas Trnovec,Steve Turner,Marleen M.H.J. van Gelder,Lenie van Rossem,Andrea von Berg,Martine Vrijheid,Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte,Jane West,Alet H. Wijga,John Wright,Oleksandr Zvinchuk,Thorkild I. A. Sørensen,Debbie A Lawlor,Romy Gaillard,Vincent W. V. Jaddoe,Vincent W. V. Jaddoe +87 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the separate and combined associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with the risks of pregnancy complications and their population impact were assessed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: An individual participant data meta-analysis
Ellis Voerman,Susana Santos,Bernadeta Patro Golab,Bernadeta Patro Golab,Pilar Amiano,Ferran Ballester,Henrique Barros,Anna Bergström,Marie-Aline Charles,Marie-Aline Charles,Leda Chatzi,Leda Chatzi,Leda Chatzi,Cécile Chevrier,George P. Chrousos,Eva Corpeleijn,Nathalie Costet,Sarah Crozier,Graham Devereux,Merete Eggesbø,Sandra Ekström,Maria Pia Fantini,Sara Farchi,Francesco Forastiere,Vagelis Georgiu,Keith M. Godfrey,Keith M. Godfrey,Davide Gori,Veit Grote,Wojciech Hanke,Irva Hertz-Picciotto,Barbara Heude,Barbara Heude,Daniel O. Hryhorczuk,Rae-Chi Huang,Hazel Inskip,Hazel Inskip,Nina Iszatt,Anne M. Karvonen,Louise C. Kenny,Berthold Koletzko,Leanne K. Küpers,Hanna Lagström,Irina Lehmann,Per Magnus,Renata Majewska,Johanna Mäkelä,Yannis Manios,Fionnuala M. McAuliffe,Sheila McDonald,John Mehegan,Monique Mommers,Camilla Schmidt Morgen,Camilla Schmidt Morgen,Trevor A. Mori,George Moschonis,Deirdre M. Murray,Carol Ní Chaoimh,Ellen A. Nohr,Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen,Emily Oken,Adriette J. J. M. Oostvogels,Agnieszka Pac,Eleni Papadopoulou,Juha Pekkanen,Costanza Pizzi,Kinga Polańska,Daniela Porta,Lorenzo Richiardi,Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman,Luca Ronfani,Ana Cristina Santos,Marie Standl,Camilla Stoltenberg,Elisabeth Thiering,Carel Thijs,Maties Torrent,Suzanne Tough,Tomas Trnovec,Steve Turner,Lenie van Rossem,Andrea von Berg,Martine Vrijheid,Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte,Jane West,Alet H. Wijga,John Wright,Oleksandr Zvinchuk,Thorkild I. A. Sørensen,Debbie A Lawlor,Romy Gaillard,Vincent W. V. Jaddoe +91 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of data from 162,129 mothers and children from 37 pregnancy and birth cohort studies from Europe, North-America and Australia, using multilevel binary logistic regression models with a random intercept at cohort level adjusted for maternal socio-demographic and life style related characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes at Advanced Maternal Age.
Line Elmerdahl Frederiksen,Andreas Ernst,Nis Brix,Lea Lykke Braskhøj Lauridsen,Laura Roos,Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen,Charlotte Kvist Ekelund +6 more
TL;DR: Women older than 40 years have a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities, miscarriage, and birth before 34 weeks of gestation than younger women and should be monitored accordingly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical findings and disease severity in hospitalized pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Valeria Savasi,Francesca Parisi,Luisa Patanè,Enrico Ferrazzi,Luigi Frigerio,Antonio Pellegrino,Arsenio Spinillo,Saverio Tateo,Mariacristina Ottoboni,Paola Veronese,Felice Petraglia,Patrizia Vergani,Fabio Facchinetti,Donata Spazzini,Irene Cetin +14 more
TL;DR: In this prospective multicenter cohort study of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, one in five women hospitalized with COVID-19 infection delivered urgently for respiratory compromise or were admitted to the ICU.
Journal ArticleDOI
From conception to infancy - early risk factors for childhood obesity.
Elvira Larqué,Idoia Labayen,Carl-Erik Flodmark,Inge Lissau,Sarah Czernin,Luis A. Moreno,Luis A. Moreno,Angelo Pietrobelli,Angelo Pietrobelli,Kurt Widhalm +9 more
TL;DR: The current Review examines and interprets data on the early determinants of childhood obesity to provide relevant strategies for daily clinical work and provides information to help with setting up public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood.
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