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Obesity and the nutrition transition in Sub-Saharan Africa

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TLDR
Overall, it is shown that socioeconomic status, gender, age, parity, physical inactivity, and increased energy, fat, and sugar intake are powerful predictors of overweight and/or obesity.
Abstract
This review illustrates the outcomes of the nutrition transition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its association with overweight and obesity; the relationship with the double burden of malnutrition is also explored. We describe the increase in overweight in nearly all Sub-Saharan African countries and present data on associated increased gross domestic product, and availability of energy, protein, fat, and sugar at country national levels. Predictors of overweight are described by means of various studies undertaken in SSA, and dietary intakes of numerous countries are presented. Overall, we show that socioeconomic status, gender, age, parity, physical inactivity, and increased energy, fat, and sugar intake are powerful predictors of overweight and/or obesity. The urgency for health interventions in countries in the early stages of the nutrition transition is emphasized, particularly in view of the fact that fat intake is still less than 30% of energy intake in nearly all Sub-Saharan African countries.

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Socio-economic status over the life course and obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis

TL;DR: The inverse relationship between life course SES and obesity among women was consistent, based mostly on studies in developed countries, and critical information gaps remain in relation to the impact of childhood and lifeCourse SES on obesity in developing countries.
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The effectiveness of e-& mHealth interventions to promote physical activity and healthy diets in developing countries: A systematic review.

TL;DR: The majority of studies demonstrated that e-& mHealth interventions were effective in promoting physical activity and healthy diets in developing countries, and future interventions should use more rigorous study designs, investigate the cost-effectiveness and reach of interventions, and focus on emerging technologies, such as smart phone apps and wearable activity trackers.
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Diabetes in developing countries

TL;DR: A renewed political commitment and mandate for health promotion and disease prevention are urgently needed for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in developing countries.
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Overweight and obesity among women: analysis of demographic and health survey data from 32 Sub-Saharan African Countries

TL;DR: In the pooled results, high education was significantly associated with overweight and obesity, and wealth index was found to be the strongest predictor in most of the countries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries

TL;DR: Rapid increases in the rates of obesity and overweight are widely documented, from urban and rural areas in the poorest countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to populations in countries with higher income levels.
Journal ArticleDOI

A life course approach to diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases.

TL;DR: Prevention will be the most cost-effective and feasible approach for many countries and should involve three mutually reinforcing strategies throughout life, starting in the antenatal period.
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