On the glacial-interglacial variability of the Asian monsoon in speleothem δ18O records.
Guangxin Liu,Xianglei Li,Hong-Wei Chiang,Hai Cheng,Shufang Yuan,Sakonvan Chawchai,Shaoneng He,Yanbin Lu,Lin Thu Aung,Phyo Maung Maung,W N Tun,Kyaw Moe Oo,Xianfeng Wang +12 more
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TLDR
It is found that the records close to the monsoon moisture source show large glacial-interglacial variability, which then decreases landward, the moisture transport pathway effect, which counteracts the forcing of glacial boundary conditions.Abstract:
While Asian monsoon (AM) changes have been clearly captured in Chinese speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, the lack of glacial-interglacial variability in the records remains puzzling. Here, we report speleothem δ18O records from three locations along the trajectory of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), a major branch of the AM, and characterize AM rainfall over the past 180,000 years. We have found that the records close to the monsoon moisture source show large glacial-interglacial variability, which then decreases landward. These changes likely reflect a stronger oxygen isotope fractionation associated with progressive rainout of AM moisture during glacial periods, possibly due to a larger temperature gradient and suppressed plant transpiration. We term this effect, which counteracts the forcing of glacial boundary conditions, the moisture transport pathway effect.read more
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References
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Modern and glacial tropical snowlines controlled by sea surface temperature and atmospheric mixing
Aradhna Tripati,Sandeep Sahany,Dustin Pittman,Robert A. Eagle,J. David Neelin,Jonathan L. Mitchell,Luc Beaufort +6 more
Abstract: During the Last Glacial Maximum, tropical glacier snowlines were lower than expected, based on estimates of tropical sea surface temperatures Sea surface temperature reconstructions suggest the Indo-Pacific warm pool was cooler than previously thought; these temperatures and convective mixing processes can explain snowline altitude in this region During the Last Glacial Maximum, tropical sea surface temperatures were 1 to 3 °C cooler than present1,2,3,4, but the altitude of the snowlines of tropical glaciers5,6 was lower than would be expected in light of these sea surface temperatures Indeed, both glacial and twentieth-century snowlines seem to require lapse rates that are steeper than a moist adiabat7,8 Here we use estimates of Last Glacial Maximum sea surface temperature in the Indo-Pacific warm pool based on the clumped isotope palaeotemperature proxy in planktonic foraminifera and coccoliths, along with radiative–convective calculations of vertical atmospheric thermal structure, to assess the controls on tropical glacier snowlines Using extensive new data sets for the region, we demonstrate that mean environmental lapse rates are steeper than moist adiabatic during the recent and glacial We reconstruct glacial sea surface temperatures 4 to 5 °C cooler than modern We include modern and glacial sea surface temperatures in calculations of atmospheric convection that account for mixing between rising air and ambient air, and derive tropical glacier snowlines with altitudes consistent with twentieth-century and Last Glacial Maximum reconstructions Sea surface temperature changes ≤3 °C are excluded unless glacial relative humidity values were outside the range associated with deep convection in the modern We conclude that the entrainment of ambient air into rising air masses significantly alters the vertical temperature structure of the troposphere in modern and ancient regions of deep convection Furthermore, if all glacial tropical temperatures were cooler than previously estimated, it would imply a higher equilibrium climate sensitivity than included in present models9,10
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Stable isotopes in caves over altitudinal gradients: fractionation behaviour and inferences for speleothem sensitivity to climate change
TL;DR: In this paper, a field approach is taken, by studying the isotopic composition of calcites from monitored caves located in steep altitudinal topography in the northern Italian Alps, and the results obtained support modelling and laboratory cave analogue experiments that indicate temperature, drip rate, pCO2 and supersaturation are important factors controlling stable isotope fractionation.
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Permian of Myanmar
Thura Oo,Tin Hlaing,Nyunt Htay +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that there is a regional unconformity between the Thitsipin Limestone Formation and the underlying silici-carbonates of Devonian age in Shan State.
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Anthropogenic modification of vegetated landscapes in southern China from 6,000 years ago
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a high-resolution marine pollen record from the northern South China Sea, which reveals that during five peak interglacial periods, Marine Isotope Stages 13a, 11c, 9c, 5e and 1 (the Holocene), the vegetation successions in southern China were similar.
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Late-glacial to late-Holocene shifts in global precipitation δ 18 O
Scott Jasechko,Scott Jasechko,A. Lechler,Francesco S. R. Pausata,Peter J. Fawcett,Tom Gleeson,Dioni I. Cendón,Joseph Galewsky,Allegra N. LeGrande,Camille Risi,Zachary D. Sharp,Jeffrey M. Welker,Martin Werner,Kei Yoshimura +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis of 86 globally distributed groundwater, cave calcite and ice core records spanning the lateglacial (defined as ~ 50 000 to ~ 20 000 years ago) to the late-Holocene (within the past ~ 5000 years) is presented.