Journal ArticleDOI
Para-inflammation in the aging retina.
TLDR
The notion of "para-inflammation" as a state between frank, overt destructive inflammation and the non-inflammatory removal of dead or dying cells by apoptosis, to the retinal community is introduced.About:
This article is published in Progress in Retinal and Eye Research.The article was published on 2009-09-01. It has received 560 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Blood–retinal barrier & Inflammation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy.
TL;DR: The inflammatory mediators and their relationship to early and late DR are reviewed, and the potential of anti-inflammatory approaches to inhibit development of different stages of the retinopathy is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Relationships between the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch’s membrane/choriocapillaris complex
TL;DR: The mutualistic symbiotic relationship within the photoreceptor/RPE/BrMb/CC complex is lost in both forms of AMD, and loss of this functionally integrated relationship results in death and dysfunction of all of the components in the complex.
Journal ArticleDOI
The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Alan W. Stitt,Tim M. Curtis,Mei Chen,Reinhold J. Medina,Gareth J. McKay,Alicia J. Jenkins,Tom A. Gardiner,Timothy J. Lyons,Hans-Peter Hammes,Rafael Simó,Noemi Lois +10 more
TL;DR: It is emphasised that although there have been significant advances, there is still a pressing need for a better understanding basic mechanisms enable development of reliable and robust means to identify patients at highest risk, and to intervene effectively before vision loss occurs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diabetic retinopathy: current understanding, mechanisms, and treatment strategies
TL;DR: Recent work indicates that diabetes markedly impacts the retinal neurovascular unit and its interdependent vascular, neuronal, glial, and immune cells, leading to identification of new targets and therapeutic strategies that could provide the means to better manage DR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions.
TL;DR: The understanding of the complex cellular and molecular processes involved in BRB leakage has grown rapidly in recent years and provided tools for rational design of drugs aimed at restoring the BRB as well as for design of effective transport of drugs across theBRB to treat the chronic retinal diseases.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aging: A Theory Based on Free Radical and Radiation Chemistry
TL;DR: It seems possible that one factor in aging may be related to deleterious side attacks of free radicals (which are normally produced in the course of cellular metabolism) on cell constituents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
TL;DR: New insights into inflammation in atherosclerosis not only increase the understanding of this disease, but also have practical clinical applications in risk stratification and targeting of therapy for this scourge of growing worldwide importance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020
Harry A. Quigley,Aimee T. Broman +1 more
TL;DR: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, disproportionately affecting women and Asians, and it will be 60.5 million people with OAG and ACG in 2010, increasing to 79.6 million by 2020, and of these, 74% will have OAG.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alternative activation of macrophages
TL;DR: The evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation by the TH2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 is assessed, and its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions are defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
TL;DR: The cloning and characterization of a human homologue of the Drosophila toll protein (Toll) is reported, which has been shown to induce the innate immune response in adult Dosophila.
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