Journal ArticleDOI
Plastid transformation in higher plants.
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TLDR
This review provides an overview of the technology for the genetic modification of the plastid genome including: vectors, marker genes and gene design, the use of gene knockouts and over-expression to probe plastsid function and the application of site-specific recombinases for excision of target DNA.Abstract:
▪ Abstract Plastids of higher plants are semi-autonomous organelles with a small, highly polyploid genome and their own transcription-translation machinery. This review provides an overview of the technology for the genetic modification of the plastid genome including: vectors, marker genes and gene design, the use of gene knockouts and over-expression to probe plastid function and the application of site-specific recombinases for excision of target DNA. Examples for applications in basic science include the study of plastid gene transcription, mRNA editing, photosynthesis and evolution. Examples for biotechnological applications are incorporation of transgenes in the plastid genome for containment and high-level expression of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Plastid transformation is routine only in tobacco. Progress in implementing the technology in other crops is discussed.read more
Citations
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Can improvement in photosynthesis increase crop yields
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Breeding for Yield Potential and Stress Adaptation in Cereals
TL;DR: The physiological basis of crop yield and its response to stresses is highlighted, with special emphasis on drought, and ways to improve the efficiency of crop breeding through a better physiological understanding by both conventional and molecular methods are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Redesigning photosynthesis to sustainably meet global food and bioenergy demand
Donald R. Ort,Donald R. Ort,Sabeeha S. Merchant,Jean Alric,Alice Barkan,Robert E. Blankenship,Ralph Bock,Roberta Croce,Maureen R. Hanson,Julian M. Hibberd,Stephen P. Long,Thomas A. Moore,James V. Moroney,Krishna K. Niyogi,Krishna K. Niyogi,Martin A. J. Parry,Pamela Peralta-Yahya,Roger C. Prince,Kevin Redding,Martin H. Spalding,Klaas J. van Wijk,Wim F. J. Vermaas,Susanne von Caemmerer,Andreas P.M. Weber,Todd O. Yeates,Joshua S. Yuan,Xin-Guang Zhu +26 more
TL;DR: This work explores an array of prospective redesigns of plant systems at various scales aimed at increasing crop yields through improved photosynthetic efficiency and performance, and suggests some proposed redesigns are certain to face obstacles that will require alternate routes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Raising yield potential in wheat
Matthew P. Reynolds,M. John Foulkes,Gustavo A. Slafer,Pete Berry,Martin A. J. Parry,John W. Snape,William J. Angus +6 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of wheat's physiological and genetic basis may permit floret abortion to be minimized for a more optimal source: sink balance, and trade-offs in terms of the partitioning of assimilates to competing sinks during spike growth, to prevent yield losses as a result of lodging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and function of Rubisco
Inger Andersson,Anders Backlund +1 more
TL;DR: This review discusses Rubisco function in the context of structural variations at all levels--amino acid sequence, fold, tertiary and quaternary structure--with an evolutionary perspective and an emphasis on the structural features of the enzyme that may determine its function as a carboxylase.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells
TL;DR: In this article, small tungsten particles (microprojectiles) are used to carry RNA or DNA into epidermal tissue of onion and these molecules were subsequently expressed genetically.
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TL;DR: It is reported here a novel phenomenon, namely that nucleic acids can be delivered into plant cells using high-velocity microprojec-tiles, capable of circumventing the host-range restrictions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens1, and the regeneration problems of protoplast transformation2–5.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolutionary analysis of Arabidopsis, cyanobacterial, and chloroplast genomes reveals plastid phylogeny and thousands of cyanobacterial genes in the nucleus.
William Martin,Tamas Rujan,Erik Richly,Andrea Hansen,Sabine Cornelsen,Thomas Lins,Dario Leister,Bettina Stoebe,Masami Hasegawa,David Penny +9 more
TL;DR: A phylogeny of chloroplast genomes inferred from 41 proteins and 8,303 amino acids sites indicates that at least two independent secondary endosymbiotic events have occurred involving red algae and that amino acid composition bias in chloropleft proteins strongly affects plastid genome phylogeny.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.
TL;DR: A preliminary assessment of the amino acids which may be important in binding aminoglycosides was obtained from data and from the results of mutational analysis of several of the genes encoding am inoglycoside-modifying enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas with high velocity microprojectiles.
John E. Boynton,Nicholas W. Gillham,Elizabeth H. Harris,Jonathan P. Hosler,Anita Johnson,AR Jones,Barbara L. Randolph-Anderson,Dominique Robertson,TM Klein,KB Shark +9 more
TL;DR: Bombardment of three mutants of the chloroplast atpB gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with high-velocity tungsten microprojectiles that were coated with cloned chloropleft DNA carrying the wild-type gene permanently restored the photosynthetic capacity of the algae.
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